Gold teeth - Removable gold teeth jewelry

Gold teeth, Removable gold teeth jewelry

2012-10-10T20:58:00.000-07:00

Gold teeth, Real gold teeth description, Learn and find all the information you need to know about gold teeth and Removable gold teeth jewelry.

Gold is a highly sought-after precious metal which, for many centuries, has been used as money, a store of value and in jewelry. Gold is a rare metallic element that is found in natural settings, mostly in veins of quartz and in certain other alluvial deposits.
Gold, as a precious metal, has been valued and held in high esteem since ancient times and is still one of the most highly prized metals that has, throughout the ages, been used to symbolize wealth and power.
Some speculate that gold is probably the earliest known metal because it has been found in tombs and among artifacts dating back to the earliest known civilizations.
Gold is dense, soft, shiny and the most malleable and ductile of the known metals. Pure gold has a bright yellow color traditionally considered attractive. Gold readily forms alloys with many other metals. These alloys can be produced to increase the hardness or to create exotic colors. Gold is a good conductor of heat and electricity, and is not affected by air and most reagents. Heat, moisture, oxygen, and most corrosive agents have very little chemical effect on gold, making it well-suited for use in coins and jewelry. Because of the softness of pure (24k) gold, it is usually alloyed with base metals for use in jewelry, altering its hardness and ductility, melting point, color and other properties. Alloys with lower caratage, typically 22k, 18k, 14k, Contain higher percentages of copper, silver or other base metals in the alloy. This would explain why gold teeth for instance are used for both medical and cosmetic purposes. Gold tooth can be made in 14 K, 18 K and 22 K gold. You can also use silver and platinum metals in combination with a gold metal for your gold teeth.

Gold teeth are a form of dental prosthesis. They are sometimes used for cosmetic purposes. Gold teeth come in two forms: gold dental crowns and removable gold teeth. A dentist fits the gold dental crowns, and the main reason he uses gold is because it is a very workable metal that makes a perfect crown fit. Dentists have used gold for filling cavities (before mercury amalgam became available), for crowns, and for other purposes. Gold is malleable, nearly immune to corrosion, and hard enough to form a biting surface that can be used for years. Gold was used before silver was available and continued to be used for specialized purposes. Gold teeth have been used by dentists for many years to replace and repair human teeth. These gold teeth were not made of pure gold, but they were composed with a good portion of gold. Gold has been used by dentists to repair and replace human teeth because this precious metal is very strong. Gold maintains its stability well in the human mouth in spite of the many substances flowing around the mouth. Dentists have been able to make many comfortable replacement teeth using gold. These replacements usually work well in the mouth, and allow the owner of the teeth a comfortable chew. Dentists do not use gold for their work unless it is most important because gold is a very expensive product.
Gold teeth are a product that has been increasingly growing over the past 10 years. Gold teeth come in a variety of styles choices. You can get gold teeth that follow the natural tooth shape as a part of its design or you can get stylized teeth that have abstract designs, recognizable symbols, bands of gold or stones in diamond or other precious gems. Fine jewellers can also create customized gold teeth from your own design. You can find jewellers who will create customized removable teeth for your individual smile including ones that are missing any teeth. You can find suitable fine jewellers who can make removable teeth for some or all of your teeth.
Some people have gold teeth that are merely for decorative reasons. These people who have these teeth usually have a lot of money for gold teeth are not cheap. Some of the people who like the look of gold teeth in their mouth have one or two, and they place these teeth in prominent positions. There are other people who have their gold teeth throughout their mouth for decorative reasons. Of course, these people need a dentist and a designer for the sake of their gold teeth. The teeth and Grillz should be cleaned each day thoroughly. The gold teeth in warm soapy water and rinsed really well then completely dried before reinserting them again.

Selecting the Grillz or gold teeth is a matter of personal choice of fashion and budget and it is a good idea to take one's time and really pick out, or even design yourself, a set of gold teeth which will make the fashion statement you want.

Stomach pain - Stomach pain causes and treatments

2011-12-04T06:42:00.000-08:00

Stomach pain, Learn about stomach pain causes, symptoms and stomach pain treatments. These resources will help you learn all you need to know about stomach pain problems.

The stomach is an organ of digestion. It temporarily stores and mixes food. The stomach is about 30cm long and is 15 cm wide at its widest point. The stomach's capacity is about 1 liters in an adult. The stomach lies between the esophagus and the first part of the small intestine (the duodenum). The duodenum is the first section of the small intestine. The human stomach can produce and secrete about 2.2 to 3 liters of gastric acid per day with basal secretion levels being typically highest in the evening. The stomach can expand to hold between 2-4 liters of food.

The cause of stomach pain can be a result of several things.

Gastritis
Stomach pain - Gastritis causes, symptoms
Gastritis is inflammation or irritation of the stomach lining, including chronic gastritis and acute erosive gastritis. Gastritis is not a single disease, overuse of alcohol, bacterial infection, or stomach acid can cause gastritis. The most common symptoms are pain or discomfort in the upper abdomen, bloating, nausea, and sometimes vomiting or diarrhea.
Stomach pain - Treatment for gastritis usually involves:
Taking antacids and other drugs to reduce stomach acid, which causes further irritation to inflamed areas. Avoiding hot and spicy foods.

Stomach ulcer - Stomach pain
Stomach ulcer disease is common. The most common of all are duodenum ulcers, followed by stomach ulcers. Stomach ulcer pain often occurs after a meal, is located in the upper abdomen.
A stomach ulcer can be caused by a variety of factors, including: Helicobacter pylori - these bacteria is thought to be responsible for around 60 per cent of stomach ulcers and at least 90 per cent of duodenal ulcers. Another major cause of ulcers is the chronic use of anti-inflammatory medications, such as aspirin. Cigarette smoking is also an important cause of ulcer formation.

Stomach Cancer - Stomach pain
Stomach cancer is an abnormal growth of tissue in the stomach. Cancers are formed by abnormal cells that grow and divide without control. These cancer cells replace normal cells and form a tumor or lump. Once cancer cells spread, the cancer is harder to control.
The exact cause of stomach cancer is unknown, The following may put you at higher risk for having stomach cancer: Studies have shown that eating foods with high quantities of salt and nitrites increases the risk of stomach cancer. Eating foods high in starch and low in fiber, smoking, drinking alcohol, and vitamin A deficiency are believed to be risk factors for stomach cancer. Being male, and over 40 years of age can also increase the risk of developing the disease.
Symptoms of stomach cancer: abdominal discomfort or pain, Unexplained weight loss, or poor appetite, nausea and vomiting bloody or black, sticky bowel movement.

Liver pain - Causes and symptoms of liver pain

2011-11-30T15:06:00.000-08:00

Liver pain, causes of Liver pain, A Guide to the treatment and prevention of liver pain. Learn and find all information you need to know about liver pain.

The liver is the largest gland and the largest solid organ in the body. The liver to maintain human life. without liver a human cannot survive. It normally weighs about 1.5kg. The liver is dark reddish brown in colour and is divided into two main lobes, the much larger right and the smaller left. The liver plays a major role in metabolism and has a number of functions in the body, including glycogen storage, decomposition of red blood cells, plasma protein synthesis, and detoxification.
Liver pain - The liver pain is mostly due to the inflammation of this organ. fatty liver or other acute or chronic liver diseases. Alcohol abuse is the most common cause of cirrhosis; inflammation of the liver basically means the liver isn't able to filter toxins.
As a rule, urine and a blood test will soon let you know about your condition.

Causes and symptoms of liver pain

Hepatitis:
The symptoms of the various forms of hepatitis are similar. They are caused by damage to the liver. Perhaps the most noticeable symptom is jaundice. Jaundice causes a yellowing of the skin.
There are two major forms of hepatitis: called acute hepatitis and called chronic hepatitis.
hepatitis viruses have been named in the order of their discovery as hepatitis A, B, C and D. Hepatitis may also result in pain or tenderness under the lower right rib edge due to the organ swelling.

Fatty Liver
Fatty LiverFatty liver causes liver enlargement, tenderness, and abnormal liver function. The most common cause is excessive alcohol consumption. usually from long-term alcohol use that causes widespread liver damage and destruction. Over time chronic alcohol use can lead to scarring of the liver. While symptoms are usually fairly mild, it may cause cirrhosis.

Liver Cancer
Liver cancer is a disease involving uncontrolled growth of cells within the liver. Liver cancer does not usually cause symptoms in the early stages. In fact, many people do not experience any recognizable liver cancer symptoms until the final stages of the disease. Some liver cancer symptoms : Unexplained weight loss, Stomach pain that will not go away, Lack of an appetite, Fatigue, unusual tiredness.

All in all, liver pain is due to different toxic substances. Recommendations: Change your diet to incorporate fresh fruits and fruit juices, and raw, fresh vegetables. Herbal detoxification is a good idea to again assist in removing toxins from the body as quickly as possible. Do not drink alcohol.

Gallbladder pain - gall bladder pain symptoms

2011-11-29T19:50:00.000-08:00

Gallbladder pain, gall bladder pain symptoms, Learn about gallbladder disease . Find out all about gallbladder pain causes, symptoms and treatments.

The gall bladder is a small pear-shaped organ, It lies underneath the liver in the upper right side of the abdomen, Bile is made in the liver and is stored in the gall bladder until it is needed to help the digestion of fat, and assists in the absorption of certain vitamins and minerals.

Gallbladder pain
Gallbladder disease, including gallstones and an inflamed gallbladder, gallbladder pain is typically caused by gallstones. Cholecystitis is inflammation of the gallbladder. Most cases are caused by gallstones.

Gallstones Causes - In some people, the liver produces too much cholesterol. The excess cholesterol crystallizes and then forms stones which are stored in the gallbladder or the cystic duct. Cholesterol stones are usually yellow-green and They account for about 80 percent of gallstones.

Gallstones Symptoms - Also known as biliary colic. Upper abdominal pain. abdominal bloating, recurring intolerance of fatty foods. The pain may occur one to two hours after eating but may also occur at other times — even at night. It can last about 30 minutes to several hours. gallstone attack may also cause nausea or vomiting.

The best way to treat gallstones is to prevent gallstones. Preventing gallstones is easy if you are careful about diet and exercise. One of the most effective ways to prevent gallstones is to eat less fat and cholesterol. A high-fat diet can increase the levels of cholesterol in your bile, which will eventually begin to solidify, forming gallstones.
Increased levels of physical exercise also may be an important way to reduce your risk of forming gallstones.
Increased fiber in the diet, vitamin C and caffeinated coffee may all be helpful. Researchers believe that vitamin C helps convert built-up cholesterol into bile, which is then harmlessly excreted into the intestine.

(This information is not intended to replace your doctor's advice.)

Kidney pain - Kidney pain symptoms and treatments

2011-11-29T00:10:00.000-08:00

kidney pain, Learn about kidney pain causes, symptoms and kidney pain treatments. These resources will help you learn all you need to know about kidney pain problems.

Everyone has two kidneys (see illustration), two fist-sized organs are located at the bottom of the ribcage in the right and left sides of the back. kidney primary role is to maintain the homeostatic balance of bodily fluids by filtering and secreting metabolites and minerals from the blood and excreting them. Urine is formed as a waste product in this essential organ. They also produce hormones and vitamins that direct cell activities in many organs; Produce renin, an enzyme that helps regulate blood pressure. Produce erythropoietin, which stimulates red blood cell production, for example, helps control blood pressure. When the kidneys are not working properly, waste products and fluid can build up to dangerous levels, creating a life-threatening situation.
Kidney disorders run the gamut from minor infections to total kidney failure. Kidney disease can cause high blood pressure, anemia, and elevated cholesterol. When chronic, it can lead to depression and sexual dysfunction. kidney disease include diabetes, high blood pressure, and hardening of the arteries. Some kidney diseases are caused by an inflammation of the kidneys, called nephritis. Most metabolic kidney disorders are rare, since they need to be inherited from both parents.

Kidney Pain - Kidney diseases
Pain caused by the kidneys is typically felt in the flank area, which is in the back, just at the lower edge of the ribs on either side of the spine.

Kidney pain - Common causes

kidney stones: kidney stones are also known as renal calculi, urinary calculi, urinary tract stone disease. Pain at the back and around the abdomen. Pain can be felt on just one side or both sides. These symptoms are often characterized by flank pain(This is the most common kidney stones symptom), fever, and vomiting.
To prevent kidney stones, the most important thing you can do is drink plenty of fluids, specifically water. This will help your kidneys form urine and flush away minerals and other substances before they have time to bind and form stones.

Kidney Infection
pain in the lower back, on either side or both sides, Kidney infections often cause urinary problems, such as the need to urinate more often (Frequent urination), an inability to urinate, Infections also can cause changes in urine color or odor. Burning sensation or pain when urinating. Abdominal pain or pressure. Treatment is typically with antibiotics. Most antibiotic treatments last for 15 days. The type of antibiotic used varies, depending on the type of bacteria that is causing the infection. Drug selection is the most vital aspect of the treatment of kidney infection.

Stock history - Stock market history

2011-11-26T03:29:00.000-08:00

Stock history, Stock Investment Guide, Learn the history of the stock market, If you want to enter into stock trade business, you need to learn stock market history.

Stock market history can be traced back over 200 years. According to stock market history, the first organized stock exchange was created in 1792. NYSE is arguably the oldest and most well known of all the American stock markets. The United States experienced a period of rapid growth in the 1800's and companies realized that investors would be interested in buying ownership in a company through the issuance of stock certificates. This allowed the companies to raise funding for expansion activities.

Stock market history shows that in 1953 the New York Curb Exchange changed its name to the American Stock Exchange. In 1869, there were 145 companies listed, including insurance, steel, farm equipment, tobacco, and other manufacturers. In 1900, U.S. Steel was the biggest stock being traded.
While the nyse listed shares of the largest companies in the country, more people wanted to invest in the stock market but couldn't afford the larger companies. Smaller companies joined a stock market that eventually became known as the American Stock Exchange.
It is important to understand the history in that there have been many, many good times in the market. For example, we just came out of one of the greatest bull markets in history from 1982 to the year 2000. There were other periods that were excellent to be in the market like the 1920s and 1960s. But there have also been bad periods where the markets have dropped precipitously. Stock history is important when you want a safe and steady investment, but you also have to keep an eye on the future as well. You have to take a long term perspective of the market and be willing to live with the fact that there are times that the market will drop and it is very hard to see those coming until it has happened.

Analysis of stock market history helps equity market professionals make informed decisions. They use comparisons between current and past stock market conditions, looking at the factors that give rise to them, to determine the direction of prices. They also use a range of analytical tools, which draw on real-time stock prices and stock price history, to gain insight into their markets.

what is silver - Valuable information about silver

2011-11-25T05:09:00.000-08:00

All about silver information, what is silver, silver uses, These resources will help you learn all you need to know about silver.

what is silver
Silver is a precious, white metal, A lustrous white, ductile, malleable metallic element and the highest thermal conductivity of any metal. It is highly valued for jewelry, tableware, and other ornamental use and is widely used in coinage, photography, dental and soldering alloys, electrical contacts, and printed circuits.
Name: Silver
Symbol: Ag
Atomic mass: 107.868
Melting point: 961.93 °C - 1235.08 °K
Atomic Number: 47
Color of Silver : lustrous white
Atomic Radius: 144 pm

Pure silver has a brilliant white metallic luster. It is a little harder than gold and is very ductile and malleable, being exceeded only by gold and perhaps palladium. Pure silver has the highest electrical and thermal conductivity of all metals, and possesses the lowest contact resistance. It is stable in pure air and water, but tarnishes when exposed to ozone, hydrogen sulfide, or air containing sulfur. The alloys of silver are important.

Demand for silver is built on three main pillars: industrial uses, jewelry and silverware, and photography. These industries represent 95 percent of annual silver consumption. Silver’s superior properties make it a highly desirable industrial component in manufactured products.

In addition to its industrial uses and qualities, silver is also used in numerous health care products because of the unique antibacterial characteristics that it possesses. Silver Bullet is used by hospitals to prevent bacterial infections in burn victims. Wound dressings and other wound care products incorporate a layer of fabric containing silver for prevention of secondary infections.
Sterling silver is used for jewelry, silverware, etc. where appearance is paramount. This alloy contains 92.5% silver, the remainder being copper or some other metal.

What is gold - All about gold

2011-11-23T06:13:00.000-08:00

Answer to FAQ: What is gold. Guide to gold. Gold is a precious metal that has been valued by people since ancient times. These resources will help you learn all you need to know about gold.

What is gold
Gold is used extensively in coinage of course, as well as industrial, decorative, dental and gold jewellery. Gold is an effective medicine for controlling some types of arthritis and related diseases. Until recently, gold reserves formed the basis of world monetary systems. To a lot of people Gold has not just been a precious metal but an investment as well.

Gold is a very soft metal when it is pure (24 Kt. is pure gold). Gold is the most malleable (hammerable) and ductile (able to be made into wire) metal. Gold is usually alloyed (mixed with other metals, often silver and copper) to make it less expensive and harder. The scientific abbreviation of gold is Au.

Although many people many know gold for its use in jewelry, gold has a number of other uses.
Because gold is a very good conductor of electricity and heat, it is widely used for industrial purposes and manufacturing applications.
Gold was once used extensively as dentures and dental fillings because of it's soft demeaner and it's easiness to shape.
A radioactive isotope of gold (gold-198), is used for treating cancer. Gold sodium thiosulfate (AuNa3O6S4) is used as a treatment for arthritis.

South Africa is world’s single largest gold producer, followed by USA, Australia, Canada and West Africa.

Owing to its unique qualities, gold has been the one material that is universally accepted in exchange for goods and services. In the form of coins or bullion, gold has occasionally played a major role as a high-denomination currency, although silver has generally been the standard medium of payments in the world's trading systems. Gold began to serve as backing for paper-currency systems when they became widespread in the 19th century, and from the 1870s until World War I the gold standard was the basis for the world's currencies. Although gold's official role in the international monetary system had come to an end by the 1970s, the metal remains a highly regarded reserve asset, and approximately 45 percent of all the world's gold is held by governments and central banks for this purpose. Gold is still accepted by all nations as a medium of international payment.

What is gold - Related articles
Gold teeth Gold history Element gold How to buy gold

How to buy gold - Buying guide

2011-11-22T05:39:00.000-08:00

Buy gold, Investment Advice, Buy Gold the Right Way by Knowing these Secrets, This article will help you learn all you need to know about how to buy gold.

You want to buy gold - safely, simply, and at low-cost today
But first you need to understand how the gold markets work, so that you make a better decision, and get a much better deal.
Some investors will want to buy gold stock as part of their investment plan rather than having coins or ingots in their possession. A stock certificate is easier to file. The old saying "buy low, sell high" applies to buyers of stock, just as any other kind. In a bull market, precious metal producers receive a windfall as the price they receive for their product climbs. A single company can even witness its profits leverage soar on multiple curves throughout a bull market, multiplying its profits dramatically. When an investor wants to buy stock, it's wise for him to watch the history of the company, even when it is a bull market, and see if their production costs are held in check before investing. It will probably be safe to invest in a company that is conservative, and careful to ensure its profitability. Throughout history, even when the currency of countries became devalued through some sort of crisis, precious metal owners didn't suffer losses because the precious metal remains a high-valued item. Because of its value-maintaining quality, some investment counselors recommend somewhere between 10 and 30 percent of a person's investments should be in this metal. This remains a healthy and viable alternative to other kinds of stocks and bonds. No matter if the currency a client invests in--the dollar, euro, yen, or renminbi--this yellow metal provides an insurance against the devaluation of those currencies.
Know there are five principal ways people invest in gold. They are in tangible coins and bars, certificates, precious metals mutual funds, stock in mining companies, and gold and metals futures. If safety and diversity is something that you would primarily be interested in, then coins and bars would be best choice.
What about investing in gold stocks and funds as a different choice? Since they are diversified and managed, gold funds are definitely the most stable of all your choices but be careful when it comes to stocks in gold because you are buying into only one company which makes that investment less stable.
Most complicated way to invest in gold is to trade futures and options in the commodities market. This takes a lot of knowledge and experience to know what you are doing and it is not advised for the normal investor. Trading futures and options is something that you learn how to do over time and it is not usual for most gold investors to take this route.

Element gold - All about element gold information

2011-11-21T10:27:00.000-08:00

Element gold, Element gold picture and gold element information. These resources will help you learn all you need to know about element gold.

Gold is one of the most precious metals in the world. It may have been the first metal used by humans and was valued for ornamentation and rituals. Nearly two thirds of the world's output of Gold comes from Africa, and about two thirds of the U.S. output of Gold comes from South Dakota. Gold has long been considered one of the most precious metals, and its value has been used as the standard for many currencies in history. Gold is dense, soft, shiny and the most malleable and ductile substance known. Pure gold has a bright yellow color traditionally considered attractive. Pure gold is too soft, and is usually mixed with other metal alloys (silver, copper, nickel and zinc) to make it stronger and more durable for jewelry. Gold has been called the most beautiful of all chemical elements. Its beauty has made it desirable for use in jewelry, coins, and artwork for thousands of years. Large amounts of gold are still used in the manufacture of coins, medals, jewelry, and art. Gold also has a number of uses in industry, medicine, and other applications.

Element gold

Symbol : Au

Name : Gold

Atomic Number: 79

Atomic Weight: 196.966569

Physical properties
Gold is quite soft. It can usually be scratched by a penny. Its melting point is 1,064.76°C (1,948.57°F) and its boiling point is about 2,700°C (4,900°F). Its density is 19.3 grams per cubic centimeter.
Two other important properties are its reflectivity and lack of electrical resistance. Both heat and light reflect off gold very well. But an electric current passes through gold very easily.

Gold jewelry
What is a karat of gold?
Gold's purity is measured in karats. The term "karat" harks back to the ancient bazaars where "carob" beans were used to weigh precious metals. 24 karat is pure gold, but its purity means it is more expensive and less durable than gold that is alloyed with other metals. Different alloys are used in jewelry for greater strength, durability and color range.
Gold is available as white or yellow gold, both of which are available in 14 or 18 karat. The difference between these two are as follows:
24 karat gold is pure gold.
18 karat gold is 18/24 gold (about 75% gold - three quarters gold).
14 karat gold is 14/24 gold (about 58% gold - a little over half gold).
12 karat gold is exactly half gold.
10 karat gold is 10/24 gold (only about 41% gold - less than half gold).

Gold history, Gold prices - Gold Information

2011-11-15T06:17:00.000-08:00

About gold and gold history, Gold prices, Learn about the history of gold, These resources will help you learn all you need to know about gold history.

It is estimated that man first discovered gold around 5,000 years ago. The discovery, pursuit, possession, and trade of gold has impacted our society in many ways.

Gold is probably the first metal to be used by humans. Prehistoric man encountered gold in its free form when collecting water from riverbeds. Because of its attractive nature, gold was valued for ornaments and soon became associated with the sun god, the provider of light, warmth, and nutrition. As a result, gold was used to make religious objects that were used in early religious ceremonies. Archaeological digs suggest the use of Gold began in the Middle East where the first known civilizations began. The oldest pieces of gold jewelry Egyptian jewelry were found in the tomb of Queen Zer and that of Queen Pu-abi of Ur in Sumeria and are the oldest examples found of any kind of jewelry in a find from the third millennium BC.

The world’s largest producers of gold are South Africa, where the largest gold discovery ever occurred in 1886, the former Soviet Union, the United States, Australia, and Canada. Discoveries of gold have had a phenomenal impact during the 19th and 20th centuries. Increases in the supply of gold inflated the world’s currencies and eventually led to the adoption of the gold standard by most of the leading nations. While the gold standard has been abandoned by most, gold still remains one of the most valuable investments against economic downfall. Gold is accepted everywhere as a medium of exchange.

Pure (100%) gold is too soft, and is usually mixed with other metal alloys (silver, copper, nickel and zinc) to make it stronger and more durable for jewelry. Gold is always a welcome gift. Throughout the ages, gold has also played an important role as an expression of love and affection. The Sumerian Civilization is well known as the place where one of the first systems of writing was developed. There gold was used to make necklaces earrings, rings, bracelets and other ornaments as early as 2500. A gold jewelry item is more than an object of beauty or love, it is an asset of enduring value, which can be passed from one generation to the next. The natural beauty of gold along with its malleability, rich history, and high value has made it the world’s most important metal in jewelry.

White gold teeth

2011-11-14T05:00:00.000-08:00

White gold teeth, Removable white gold teeth prices - White gold teeth are used more often. It is considered tooth jewelry. They are removable and are there for decorative purposes.

White gold is an alloy of gold and other white metals including silver and palladium. Like yellow gold, white gold can be 18kt, 14kt, 9kt or any karat.
Just like 18kt yellow gold which is 75% gold mixed with 25% of other metals like copper and zinc, 18kt white gold is 75% gold mixed with 25% other metals such as silver and palladium.

Gold teeth have become a popular fashion item in the hip hop culture in the US. Some go as far as to put inlayed diamonds in the design. To make a white gold tooth the dentist has to reshape the tooth where the white gold will be put. Although the decorative teeth jewellery is not permanent, the reshaping of the teeth is. The white gold is simply a gold alloy. This means that gold is mixed with other metals such as nickel, silver, and palladium. For many people a white gold tooth is a better buy than platinum, which is more expensive but looks much the same. It is also popular to get a full set of gold teeth. These are made from impressions taken of your teeth, so that they fit your exact teeth.

White gold first became popular in the 1920's as an alternative to platinum. Over the past few years, it has become more and more fashionable. White gold jewelry is all the trend right now! It's younger looking, more fun loving, and screams freedom from traditional ways, all without loosing sophistication.White gold jewelry gives you all the attributes of gold in an elegant, sophisticated white metal look and at a more affordable price than platinum.

Gold properties

2011-02-19T04:51:00.000-08:00

Properties of Gold, One of gold's important properties is psychological.

In the Mendeleev periodic table; gold atomic number 79. This means that gold has 79 nuclei around the negatively charged electron spin. Kim in front of the neighbors are: osmium, aluminum; platinum; and behind it are: mercury, thallium, lead. Gold and ruthenium, rhodium, palladium, osmium, iridium, platinum and the metals have a very good chemical stability, they are collectively referred to as precious metals.
Turning to gold, always a good idea to talk about the nature of it, and then talk about the human nature of how to use them. It is interesting that people in the identification of gold, the most commonly used words are "very", not the word "most". This is because the purity of gold to achieve the "most" of the degree is impossible.

gold properties
Gold heavy, but heavier platinum. Gold density of 19.32 grams / cm ', that is to say, only 46 mm in diameter, golden goal, there is 1 kg of its weight. Here refers to the density of chemically pure gold, and in such a pure nature in a way which does not exist. Kim's "natural" density and impurity content, and one from 15 to 16 grams / cm 'to 18-19 grams / cm. . The volume of one liter glass bottle filled with gold ore, and its weight is about 16 kilograms; gold mining the weight of its very favorable, with the most simple methods, such as the use of washing trough, we can obtain a high recovery rate. The most important of several metals, according to their density (g / cm.) Ranked as follows: platinum 21.6, the 19.3, 13.6 Hg, Pb 11.4, Ag 10.5.
Gold is a very soft metal, but it is not the most soft metals, because lead and tin is more soft. In pure gold can be drawn with a nail marks. This flexibility is very easy to make gold processing. However, this point is concerned the owner of the decorations, but also far from ideal, because it is easy to make decorations rub injury, lost its luster as well as the impact on aesthetics. Therefore, in the system to do with gold ornaments, they generally have to add copper and silver, in order to improve its hardness.

Gold properties

Gold is easy to wear, into a fine powder, so often so as to diversify the state of gold is widely distributed in nature. In the treatment and processing of gold around the venue, often scattered over a layer of fine powder. Some people like to take this有心计made a fortune.
Forging easy gold and easy to extend, of course, with its soft, sex-related; of payment may be forging and scalability are usually carried out during the inspection. Gold in both 'performance Machinable extent, and even experts who are very surprised. Thickness of gold can be beaten only; micron (0.001 mm transparent and through the green gold. 0.5 grams of gold can pull into a 160 meters long gold, 1000 grams of gold can be rolled out 530 meters.
Gold is hot and a good conductor of electricity, 'or that are very good conductors, but not the best conductor. Conduction properties of gold such as platinum, mercury, lead, silver four metal. Gold melting point of 1063. C, molten gold has a higher volatile, with increasing temperature, the onset detection continued to increase.
The compressive strength of pure gold for the 10kg / m ㎡, and its tensile strength and pre-treatment methods, generally in the 10-30kg / m ㎡ between. Cold-drawn wire, the largest force.
Pure gold has a very nice grass yellow metallic luster. It can be said that gold in all metals, the most color yellow, and even mistakenly believe that home Alchemy Gold and sulfur belong to a class of minerals.
In nature, did not see a pure gold, and metallic impurities (first of all copper and silver) to give the gold to a variety of colors and hues, from pale yellow to red diaphana.
Gold color also depends on the thickness of the piece of metal and its aggregation state. For example, the thin gold foil, into the light green look fat are melting is also the color of gold. And at the end of melting, on the other hand yellow green. Dispersed gold is generally fine-grained dark red or dark purple. On the gold color, and when talking about the use of gold, we would also like to address.

gold properties
Gold are sometimes covered by a layer of iron oxide thin films. In this case, the gold was the color may be brown, dark brown and even black. Exploitation of this gold, sometimes very difficult with the surrounding differentiated veinstone, so necessary to distinguish very carefully in order to avoid the loss of gold. It is said that such payments are a parcel layer, the parcel layer is not only iron oxides, and sometimes may yield some are attached to the gold surface of fine-grained clock right.
It should be noted that this parcel layer affects not only the identification of gold, but also make it in the dressing (mixed mercury or cyanide) difficult to deal with more solid, so workers do not love and beneficiation of such payment to deal with.
Gold and silver alloy, copper alloy, Au-Pt alloy, Au-Pd alloys, as well as metal alloys and other compounds are not, but solid melt.
Much metal alloy with gold because of the formation of these metal atoms of atomic radius with the radius is very close; gold atoms in a radius equal to 1.46 and Egypt; Bi are 1.46 and Egypt; silver cyanide are 1.44; platinum are 1.39 and Egypt.
Gold alloy metal than all of its low melting point of pure metal.
If the gold is heated to near melting point, gold will be like iron, like welding, thin gold can be fused to form tablets of gold.

Properties of Gold
Gold in the lower temperature, pressure must be able to weld together.
Gold and other metals melting together, not only can reduce the melting point, but also change the mechanical properties of gold itself, including silver and copper could increase the hardness of gold; jewelry maker who makes extensive use of this feature. Arsenic, lead, platinum, silver, bismuth, tellurium make payment crisp; lead in this regard on the more prominent characteristics. Only 1% lead alloy, if the press about, it will become fragments. Medium gold with o. 01% of lead, its forging of a good may be completely lost.
Kim has the ability to absorb x-ray.
Kim's atomic weight (196.9) are scores of value, in itself shows that the nature of gold is gold by a wide variety of isotopic composition. In atomic weight from 183-201 of the 15 kinds of known isotopes, only Au = 197 isotopes are stable.
Gold compounds have been included in the ranks, but also as the provisions of precious metals group, is very reluctantly, but it is, after all, can interact with certain elements. In particular with the halogen (chlorine, bromine, iodine) combined to generate income, such as AuCl or AuC13. Kim same with cyanide, mercury and hoof compound. In fact, only exists in nature and hoof gold compounds, gold and mercury compounds rarely. All other compounds were obtained by artificial, artificial methods can also be obtained by "gold mine" - (Au (NH) 3 (CH) 3), "gold mine" in the impact or explosive when heated.
Although it is difficult to dissolve gold, but still soluble in certain solutions. Containing chlorine, sulfuric acid or humic acid dissolved in water can also be a small amount of gold. Nitric acid and three in a mixture of hydrochloric acid, as well as in dilute solution of cyanide in gold solubility is quite high.

How to buy gold jewelry - Buying guide

2011-02-15T22:18:00.000-08:00

Compare Gold Jewelry Buying Guide, Gold Jewelry Information for jewelry buyers. Learn and find all the information you need to know about how to buy gold jewelry

With the opening up of the gold market, gold as a hedge, one of the important metals, a growing concern by consumers, then, for gold jewelry, how to distinguish the authenticity of this?

Gold jewelry refers to the gold as the main raw material for the production of jewelry, from gold on K can be divided into pure gold and gold two categories: pure gold jewelry of gold in more than 99% up to 99.99%; K gold jewelry are In its gold material is added to other metals, such as silver, copper metal from the jewelry, according to gold content is divided into a number of different K, such as 24K (more than 99% gold), 18K (gold content 75%) and so on.
24K gold is pure gold, which is generally not practical for wearing, as it is too soft; 18K gold is 75 percent gold; 12K gold is 50 percent gold; 10K gold is 41.7 percent gold. Most gold items are marked with a karat mark, even though it is not required by law.

Gold jewelry, many of the identification methods, several methods have simple: look one color, according to the different gold luster and color can generally distinguish between pure gold, K gold, real gold, fake gold, or gold to red than yellow, fineness in more than 95%; Second look density formula can be used: a certain quality of gold jewelry (grams) of gold jewelry than a certain size (cubic centimeters) to calculate the mean density, calculated by measuring the density of gold jewelry, a density of 19.32 grams / cubic centimeters, compared with about or less pure gold pure gold, or else is non-pure gold or gold into a color (this method of jewelry without any destructive); fineness high carved it with a nail left traces of more than 97% of the fineness gold jewelry, two or three times after bending, bending appeared wrinkles, 95% of fineness of gold jewelry, bending feel hard, about 90% of fineness of gold jewelry, bending when the hard, containing more impurities in gold jewelry , bending or breaking two or three times; 4 Phonology, watch flexibility; five identified by the touchstone of fineness, that is, on the licensing and use of gold ornaments were tested on the touchstone of grinding Road, by comparing the color to determine the fineness of gold jewelry.

what is stock

2009-04-23T09:12:00.000-07:00

Stock is a security issued in the form of shares that represent ownership interests in a company. There is both common stock (often simply called "stock," "shares," or "equity") and preferred stock. Common stock holders elect the company's board of directors and actively participate in the company's success (or failure) through a rising (or falling) stock price. Common stock holders may also receive dividends, provided the company is profitable, obligations to commercial creditors and bondholders have been met, and the board sees fit to declare them. In the event of liquidation, however, common stock holders have no right to assets until all other obligations of the firm have been met. Common stock holders may have "pre-emptive" rights to maintain their percentage ownership of the firm. For example, a common stock holder with 100 of the 1,000 outstanding shares of the company, or 10%, may (or may not) have the right to buy 10 shares of a new issue of 100 shares. Preferred stock holders, in turn, are generally guaranteed dividends at a fixed rate, but they have limited voting rights.
A stock is a certificate that shows that you own a small fraction of a corporation. When you buy a stock, you are paying for a small percentage of everything that that company owns, buildings, chairs, computers, etc. When you own a stock, you are referred to as a shareholder or a stockholder. In essence, a stock is a representation of the amount of a company that you own.

StockStock photography is a term that refers to photographs that can be licensed for public or commercial use, which are usually found on professional stockstockstock photography websites. These are photographs that can be used for any purpose in marketing, advertising, or design, as long as it is not illegal or harmful. Rather than shoulder the expense of hiring a photographer to take unique photos, many advertising companies, graphic designers, web designers, and other professionals frequently take advantage of stockstockstock photography to fill their design needs.
Stock photography is licensed in several different ways. The two most popular are Rights Managed, and Royalty Free Stock Photography.

Rights Managed photography is the use of stock photos that are licensed for a specific, limited time and purpose. If an advertiser for instance, needed a stock photo for one specific ad campaign, they could license a photo for that specific use. And they'd be limited to using the photo only for that campaign. They'd also be charged based on the size of the ad campaign they intended to use the stock photo for.

If they wanted to use the same photo again, they'd have to pay another fee. And that fee might be different, if the campaign use and sizes are different. These recurring fees are called royalties, and with rights managed stock photography they can be quite hefty. Ranging from hundreds to thousands of dollars for the limited use of one photograph.

Liver

2009-04-16T06:52:00.000-07:00

The liver is a vital organ present in vertebrates and some other animals; it has a wide range of functions, a few of which are detoxification, protein synthesis, and production of biochemicals necessary for digestion. The liver is necessary for survival; there is currently no way to compensate for the absence of liver function.

The liver plays a major role in metabolism and has a number of functions in the body, including glycogen storage, decomposition of red blood cells, plasma protein synthesis, hormone production, and detoxification. The liver is also the largest gland in the human body. It lies below the diaphragm in the thoracic region of the abdomen. It produces bile, an alkaline compound which aids in digestion, via the emulsification of lipids. It also performs and regulates a wide variety of high-volume biochemical reactions requiring very specialized tissues.

The liver is a vital organ located in the upper right-hand side of the abdomen. Somewhat larger than the size of a football and weighing about 2-3 pounds, it performs numerous functions for the body: converting nutrients derived from food into essential blood components, storing vitamins and minerals, regulating blood clotting, producing proteins and enzymes, maintaining hormone balances, and metabolizing and detoxifying substances that would otherwise be harmful to the body. The liver also makes factors that help the human immune system fight infection, removes bacteria from the blood, and makes bile, which is essential for digestion.

What is liver disease?

2009-04-09T09:04:00.000-07:00

What is liver disease?
Liver disease is categorized both by the cause and the effect it has on the liver. Causes may include infection, injury, exposure to drugs or toxic compounds, an autoimmune process, or a genetic defect (such as hemochromatosis). These causes can lead to hepatitis, cirrhosis, stones that develop and form blockages, fatty liver, and in rare instances liver cancer. Genetic defects can prevent vital liver functions and lead to the deposition and build-up of damaging substances, such as iron or copper.

Hepatitis
There are two major forms of hepatitis: one in which the liver is inflamed quickly (called acute hepatitis) and one in which the liver is inflamed and damaged slowly, over a long period of time (called chronic hepatitis). While hepatitis can be caused by any of the means mentioned above, most commonly it is due to infection by one of several viruses, termed hepatitis viruses. These viruses have been named in the order of their discovery as hepatitis A, B, C, D, and E.

Hepatitis A is spread through infected water and food and is especially common in children. Adults may experience symptoms such as jaundice, nausea, diarrhea, and fatigue, but children often do not even know they have been exposed to the virus.
Hepatitis B is found throughout the world and is especially common in Southeast Asia and Africa. It is still the most common cause of acute viral hepatitis in North America and Europe and, according to the National Center for Infectious Diseases, about one out of every 20 people in the United States will get infected with the hepatitis B virus at some time during their lives. Hepatitis B can be spread by exposure to blood, through sexual relations, and from mother to baby. Symptoms of hepatitis B may be absent, mild and flu-like, or acute (see Signs and Symptoms). Most people will get better without any intervention, but about 1-3% will become chronically infected, able to continue to infect others, and often experience chronic progressive damage to the liver. Those with weakened or compromised immune systems are at an increased risk to become chronically infected (about 10%). Newborns are especially vulnerable, with over 90% becoming chronically infected.
Hepatitis C is spread mainly by exposure to contaminated blood. Some mechanisms of exposure include the sharing of needles or other 'works' used in consuming drugs such as cocaine or heroin; use of contaminated equipment for activities such as body piercing and tattooing; occupational exposure of healthcare workers to used needles or other sharp objects; through sexual activity that results in tissue tears; from mother to baby during childbirth; or from cuts sustained during athletic or other activity. Hepatitis C is less common than hepatitis B as a cause of acute hepatitis, but the majority of the people who contract it become chronically infected, able to spread the infection to others, and usually have chronic damage to the liver.
Hepatitis D and E are rare in the U.S.

history of human use of silver

2009-04-05T23:43:00.000-07:00

The history of human use of silver can be traced to three thousand years BC, in the South-West Asia in a generation of Mesopotamia civilization has found a silver containers. 15, the sixth century the Europeans discovered a new continent, the British from North America back to a large number of precious metals, together with the Bank of England itself in the system greatly improve the technology, so this period the United Kingdom to become the city of silver goods, and the same period Spain because of its own that is coupled with the production of silver such as a colony in South America, Mexico, Bolivia and Peru has a large silver sand mining, which makes Spain occupies an important place silverware market. To the twenty-first century, Italy has become the world come to the fore silver products industry leader in the Italian 90's on an annual average of processing about 1000 tons of silver, and one of about 60 percent are for export.
Natural silver mines were usually of massive block and grain, but it was probably blunt dendritic aggregates. Just recently unearthed or special bright polished silver, shining silver-white metallic luster; but exposure to air, will soon have a black oxide layer to the surface dull. In addition, its hardness is not high, can not produce pure forms of jewelry, and often combined with other metal casting, or at the surface covered with gold. Since Greek times since has been the use of foreign silver, that gold and silver alloys, with only 20-25% of the silver. Standard containing 92.5% pure silver, or a higher proportion of silver (usually some copper). The two alloys have been used to define the content of the standard silver.
Most silver is a by-product of lead mining, it is often associated with copper. The World Bank on the main mining areas in South America, the United States, Australia and the former Soviet Union. The largest yield of the Bank of Mexico is a country, since around 1500 has been mining since the beginning. Occurrence for the top grade filament winding metal is produced in the natural silver in Kongsberg Norway.
At the Bank in English for the Silver said the "brilliant white" meaning, the phrase originated from Silubr. In addition, Ag Bank in Indo-European elements marked by the arg derived, and from the Latin argentum taken out. Latin derived from the French and Italian and argent the call argento.

International gold market

2009-04-04T05:05:00.000-07:00

The current international gold market is a major factor in the supply of gold production and sale of central bank gold. Enhance the volume of gold production, the crucial point is the discovery of new gold and gold extraction methods improve. Because of the discovery of gold mines is not easy, and a gold mine from discovery to exploitation, or even ten years required between the time a few years, so in the short term have little effect on gold production. The central bank to sell gold and therefore also the strategy that the countries gold reserves in the near future on the international gold market has a significant impact.
The 1980s to the 1990s are a period of U.S. industries, the United States with low inflation, interest rates up to 6%, compared with earnings of gold held by a small, but also spending a lot of custody fees, so investors are willing to hold U.S. dollars, European countries as the central bank. During the 1990s, made it clear that the European central bank gold reserves would be reduced to 15%. Center for European banks to reduce their gold, gold prices cause.
In 1999, listed by the euro and gold prices continue to lower the impact of the United Kingdom Ministry of Finance out of a heavy bomb, decided to improve the structure of the national currency reserves ratio, and plans from 1999 to 2000, the representatives of the Bank of England British government-run auction site 5, selling 125 tons of gold, equivalent to 3% of the entire reserve. The United Kingdom to sell gold directly cause gold in August 26, 1999 fell to the lowest point in the history of 251.9 U.S. dollars / oz. This moves the United Kingdom so that the global market really began to worry that the international community must set up a new rule, in order to avoid the recurrence of similar situations, thus the birth of the "Washington Agreement gold." The agreement provides for, including the European Central Bank and other central banks will be 15 in the next 5 years, have limited the sale of 400 tons of gold, 5 years, not the total sale of gold more than 2000 tons. At the same time in 2004, "The Washington Gold Agreement" expires, the European Central Bank and central banks with the 14 re-signed the "the central bank gold sale agreement" to ensure that the next few years the sale of gold by central banks are relatively stable, not increase substantially.
The demand for gold mainly refers to the demand for gold jewelry and investment demand. Add 2006 the global industrial demand for jewelry fell by 16%, but the first half of 2007, demand for jewelry processing at a relatively low level of last year on a strong rebound in gold price rally this year has laid a foundation; At the same time, the U.S. dollar continue to put the international political tension and instability in international financial markets, and promoted the growth of gold investment demand, which is the wave of the important reasons for gold price rally.

OTC market - share knowledge

2009-04-02T01:46:00.000-07:00

OTC market is the world's oldest stock exchanges. From the first bank run in the stock trading business: Since taking on the counter in the bank to sell shares to the customer approach, called the counter market. Also because such transactions conducted outside the Stock Exchange, also known as over-the-counter market.

Transactions in the OTC market is not listed on the stock exchange of securities, including: non-compliance with stock exchange listing standards, in line with the stock exchange listing standards but were not listed at the stock and bonds.

At present, relatively influential all over the world including the United States OTC market, NASDAQ (NASDAQ), over-the-counter market bulletin list the Securities and Exchange (OTCBB), Pink Sheets (Pink Sheets); UK alternative investment market (AIM); French store market (CMF), the emerging markets of Paris (New Market); Korea OTC market. The United States has a huge OTC market, transactions in these markets accounted for about U.S. securities quantity of three-quarters of the volume of securities transactions.

Capital markets as an important component of the system, OTC market for the economic development of the country to raise substantial funds, but also for the provision of venture capital exit routes, in promoting the development of venture capital to stimulate the development of high technology and industrial structure upgrade. In addition, OTC market listed companies also tend to improve the exit mechanism, and promote the healthy development of securities markets.

Cycle of stock

2009-03-27T00:45:00.000-07:00

Price changes in the economic cycle is not only change, but also can indicate changes in the economic cycle. Empirical studies have shown that fluctuations in stock prices lead to economic fluctuations. Often in the economy has not bottomed out, the stock has begun to rebound, mainly because of investors in the economic cycle caused by unanimous judgments. Our stock market is usually called the virtual economy, saying that as opposed to the real economy for the real economy, the relationship between the two can be said to be haunting, "with each other can be reflected on the other side.

Due to resource constraints, it is expected and external factors, the economy will not be has been in a balanced status. Scenarios are often at uneven economic status. Correspondingly, the stock market also has the characteristics of running up and down fluctuations.

When the needs of society with the increase in population, consumption and other relevant factors, keeps rising, and product prices, wages, capital owners will increase the investment impulse, several scenarios are increasing investment demand, the market cost of capital (ie interest rates) up . Increase in wages makes personal consumption rose again. The increase in business investment and personal disposable income increased, the quality of the real economy continue to improve, increase enterprise efficiency, economic development has been further stimulated. When the economy rose to a certain degree, the social consumption growth started to slow down an over-supply of Products, enterprises begin to narrow the scale of production, social up the reduced demand for capital, funding Price whereabouts of people into economic recession.

The United States stock market

2009-03-23T23:56:00.000-07:00

According to the latest quarter, the Federal Reserve report showed that capital flows, as of the third quarter of 2001, pension funds, mutual funds and insurance companies and other institutional investors to hold U.S. stocks 46.7 percent of the total share capital. And the end of June 2002, our country has 56 securities investment funds, one of five open-end fund, the Fund's total scale 93.6 billion yuan, accounting for the total flow of the market value of Shanghai and Shenzhen stock markets around 6%, only residents of our country 8.3 trillion yuan 1% of savings. Compared to the United States, our country regardless of the number of securities investment funds, are a far cry from the scale. Therefore, the social security funds and other institutional investors in China's securities market continues to mature the process, it will have enormous development potential.

First, the U.S. stock market investors Structural Analysis

1. The United States stock market to institutional investors led by

American institutional investors accounted for the proportion of the total capital stocks of the United States in 1950 from 7.2% to 2001 at the end of the third quarter of 46.7%. Among them, the pension funds from 0.8% to 19.8%, mutual funds from 2% to 17.9%, insurance companies, rose to 3.3 percent from 7.3 percent.

2. Pension funds are the largest institutional investors in the United States

As of the end of the third quarter of 2001, pension funds held 2.6916 trillion U.S. dollars for the scale for the United States the largest institutional investors in the stock market. Among them, the private pension funds held 1.5913 trillion U.S. dollars, the Government Pension Fund held 1.1003 trillion U.S. dollars. From 1990 to 2000 decade, the size of pension fund holdings increased by 2.1 times.

3. Mutual fund shares the fastest-growing scale

As at the end of the third quarter 2001, the U.S. mutual fund holdings 2442 billion U.S. dollars, second only to pension funds, for the U.S. stock market's second-largest institutional investors. Mutual funds over the past decade been developing extremely rapidly, the size of mutual fund holdings in 1990 by 233.2 billion U.S. dollars in 2000 increased to 3.2508 trillion U.S. dollars of an increase of 12.9 times.

4. The proportion of individual investors downward trend

At the stock market on the United States, the proportion of individual investors was significantly year-on-year downward trend. The United States shares the personal and non-profit organizations rose from 90.2 percent in 1950 down to 2001 at the end of the third quarter of 40.2%.

In addition, as at the end of 1998, the United States through mutual funds, pension funds and retirement savings accounts such as individual investors held a total of 84,000,000, representing the United States 30.2 percent of the total population; and individual investors have a direct shareholding of 33,800,000 people only the United States total population of about 12.1%.

From 1989 to 1998 decade, the United States all of the individual stock investors grew by 60.6 percent, while the individual direct investors increased by only 25.2%, This shows that residents of the United States through the Fund, such as the growth of indirect investment significantly faster than direct investment.

5. The United States through its financial advantages to promote the globalization of financial markets

Because the United States system of norms and good investment environment, and have well-developed financial markets and trading tool for the United States to vigorously promote the globalization of financial markets. End of the third quarter 2001, foreign investors hold shares 1,524,400,000,000 U.S. dollars the United States, the United States accounted for 11.2 percent of the total share capital. United States holders of foreign shares and 1.3684 trillion U.S. dollars. This investment structure so that the United States seek to maximize economic benefits. First, put the United States through the foreign investment enterprises tentacles penetrate into every corner of the world, opening up global markets to seek the greatest benefits; two are by attracting foreign direct investment, portfolio the dominant industries around the world, both to resolve the potential overseas investment of domestic capital hollow of questions, but also help to increase employment and industrial diversification.

How to buy stocks

2009-03-19T04:38:00.000-07:00

When you settle a securities account card and financial account, open the door of the securities business department to see the display screen constantly flashing on the stock premium, perhaps you do not know exactly how to trade stocks. Well, let me introduce you further. In fact, as a stock, you are directly entering the stock exchange should not trade stocks, but only through members of the stock exchange trade stock, and the so-called Members of the Stock Exchange is usually the securities institutions, namely, brokerage. You can be issued to the broker to buy or sell stocks command, which is known as commissioning. Transactions must be entrusted with passwords or securities accounts. It should be noted that in China's securities transactions are legitimate commissioned day limit effective commissioning. This refers to shareholders of Securities Dealers issued to commissioned orders must specify the stock to buy or sell the name (or code), quantity, price. And the commission issued only in

Commissioned by the date. Commissioned content, including the sale of shares you want the short form (code), quantity and buy or sell stock prices. Stock is usually referred to as 4-3 characters, stock for the six-digit code Shanghai Shenzhen for four-digit, commissioned by the trade when the stock code and referred to must be consistent. At the same time, the number of shares trade must have the provisions of: the people entrusted to buy a quantity of shares of the whole must be in multiples of hundred, but commissioned by the number of shares sold may not be the entire hundred-fold.

Commissioned by the way has four categories: single-commissioned delivery counters, telephone automatically commissioned, commissioned and remote computer terminal automatically commissioned.

1. Counter delivery alone is entrusted to you to take your ID card and account cards, to fund the account you set up the securities business department counters to buy or sell stock to fill the power of attorney, and then by the counter staff, after the implementation of audit.

2. You computer is automatically commissioned in the securities business department of the hall in person on the importation of computer to buy or sell stock code, quantity and price, from your computer to perform commands commissioned.

The value of gold

2009-03-18T00:07:00.000-07:00

On investment in the gold market varieties are mainly classified into investment in physical gold and physical gold at the basis of the gold derived from investing in derivative products, derivatives are mainly gold futures, gold options, forwards and so on, and investment in physical gold bullion has mainly, gold coins and gold jewelry and so on.

Judging from the value orientation, gold jewelry is mainly embodied as the ornamental value, the price of raw materials vis-à-vis gold in terms of higher premium, the premium rate will normally be more than 20%. And gold jewelry will have to face high liquidity discount, the discount rate usually will be more than 20%. Just Gold jewelry will generally Recycling Waste gold jewelry, the current gold jewelry directly to the general If you want to back the sale of Just Gold, its price will be far lower than the same period the Shanghai Gold Exchange the same gold content in gold prices of raw materials. So as a pure investment, gold jewelry gold investment does not fit to do, it is difficult to achieve values of gold investment.

Then the value orientation of gold then? Gold coins fall into two categories, one category is higher than by the collectors of gold coins worth more than content to buy a lot of the price of gold. Such gold price is not always floating, including the kind of limited edition coins, commemorative coins, the value of these coins for collectors is mainly reflected the value of retail investors for its high and low value of it is very difficult to grasp, usually emergence of a very high premium. Another gold coin, gold investors are referring to is slightly higher than the value of gold content in gold prices over the trade of gold coins, gold coins known as the S & P system, be able to better reflect the wide range of investment value, are major worldwide investment gold coins.

Similar to gold bullion, mainly divided into a special collection of commemorative gold bars and gold bullion investment & P system. Commemorative gold bars in a better short-term gains is difficult, and its value is mainly reflected a long-term value for collection. Ordinary investment gold bullion with the international prices of raw materials into a relatively close, the international price of gold every day in accordance with changes in the development of fixing the date of the sale price, sale and repurchase are passed between the banks to complete, but even a unified investment quality gold bullion, its trading there is a big difference in cost, investors can compare, and choose a good liquidity and low transaction costs for investors in gold bars.

Stock and merchandise

2009-03-16T08:41:00.000-07:00

The United States stock market and commodity prices have interpreted "seesaw" relationship, the 20th century have taken place in three major commodity bull market (1906-1923 years ,1933-1953 1968-1982), the average bull market lasted 17 years A LITTLE. Three commodities in this bull market period, the corresponding situation in the United States stock market are the long-term bear market and long-term rise in inflation.

The current round of crude oil, metals and some agricultural products, as represented by the global commodity bull market began around 2000 and has lasted 6 years. The United States stock market because of the high-tech bubble burst, since the last time in 2000 after reaching record highs at the start down the process of adjustment, especially in the NASDAQ index, the current record high of just 1 / 2.

Stock investment as an alternative means, gold prices and the U.S. stock market has a negative correlation between higher and lower picture shows the Dow Jones index and the price of gold at the contrast between the 1987-2001 plan, the United States at the historic stock market bull market ten.
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symptoms of kidney disease

2009-03-15T08:08:00.000-07:00

The main symptoms of kidney disease can be manifested in different levels of fatigue fatigue, hypertension, proteinuria, eyelid edema, anemia, skin itching, nausea, vomiting, electrolyte imbalance, acidosis, creatinine, blood urea nitrogen, etc. increased. Uremia latter organs may be involved, even pericardial effusion and pleural effusion, leading to heart, lung, kidney three dirty failure. Moreover, the symptoms of kidney disease more complex, vulnerable to kidney disease symptoms, misdiagnosis and mistreatment, so that a more persistent refractory disease.

Nephropathy basic classification and diagnosis of acute and chronic kidney disease includes glomerulonephritis, occult nephritis, pyelonephritis, Henoch-Schonlein purpura kidney, renal lupus, gout kidney, nephropathy, membranous nephropathy, diabetes nephropathy, renal hypertension, congenital polycystic kidney disease, nephrotic syndrome and so on, the latter may develop into renal failure uremia.

If treatment is not timely or improper measures will enable the continuous development of the disease, uremia period can be a serious kidney disease symptoms, such as systemic edema, anemia, skin itching, nausea, vomiting, electrolyte imbalance, acidosis, creatinine, blood urea nitrogen or Higher.

Stock Investment Guide

2009-03-14T00:42:00.000-07:00

Fruit you will join the stock market, can be tens of millions of their own to test in advance whether the preparation should be done in order to avoid missing aircraft, it is too.

Capital ready

Capital stocks are the prerequisite course.
This depends on the individual's economic capability. For most ordinary investors, be sure the money into the stock market are in their own homes

Do not idle for some time the property can be accounted for one-third to one-half the deposit, most of the money deposited in banks or buy bonds (lower risk) is appropriate. Only in this way is not caused by errors in the event of a major crisis, as well as money required at the time did not get out. Remember, all funds desperate to borrow money from stocks into even the most dangerous.

Generally, when beginning to invest 1-20000 yuan starting to do better. With experience, such as a gradual increase in inputs.

Knowledge and data preparation

Prior to entering the stock market on the stock market some of the best initial understanding. Can first read some books, to master some basic terms, the progressive can read newspapers, magazines, broadcasting to understand.

In addition, many securities companies are often sold in sales department of the Shanghai and Shenzhen stock markets from time to time the publication of information, such as listed companies is summarized in table, dividends allotment table and so on, are also very useful.

What is stock

2009-03-13T18:18:00.000-07:00

What is stock? Shares of stock certificates are referred to, are shares of companies to raise funds and to issue shares to shareholders as dividends in order to obtain a certificate and a portfolio and dividends. Per share of stock represents the shareholders of enterprises have a basic unit of ownership. Stock shares are an integral part of the company's capital, you can transfer, or trade price of mortgage, capital markets are the main long-term credit instrument.

The role of the stock has three points. (1) stock is a capital proof that when a natural or legal person shares to the investment Co., Ltd., will be entitled to shares as investment certificate; (2) the holders of shares of stock to prove himself by virtue of the identity of shareholders, take part in general meeting of shareholders of joint-stock companies, joint-stock companies operating on their views; (3) the stock holders of the shares issued by virtue of the stock of enterprises take part in the distribution of profits, which is commonly referred to as dividends, as a means of obtaining a certain degree of economic interests.

Stock as a portfolio, have the following characteristics:

1. Stability of stock investment is a period of no long-term investment. By buying one stock, as long as the issuing company stock exist, any stock holders can not withdrawal, that is, the stock issuing company should not request to opt-out of the principal. Similarly, the stock holders of the identity of shareholders and shareholder rights and interests can not be changed, but he can sell shares on stock market will enable the transfer of shares to other investors to recover their original investment.

2. Risks are there is any kind of investment risk, stock investment is no exception. Equity investors can be expected to return, first of all depends on the profitability of enterprises, benefit most points, a smaller share of small profits, the company may lose bankruptcy; Secondly, shares as trading partners, just as the same merchandise, has its own prices. And apart from the price of the stock subject to the operation of enterprises, but also by economic, political, social and even man-made and many other factors, in the ever-changing status, the ups and downs of the phenomenon has happened from time to time. Shares on the stock market price fluctuations will not affect the operating results of listed companies, thus affecting dividends and dividends, but the depreciation of the stock or will suffer some loss of investors. Therefore, people wishing to enter the market investors must be careful.

3. Select the right of shareholders to participate in the distribution of shares of corporate profits and limited liability of the rights and obligations. In accordance with the provisions of the Companies Act, the holders of shares that the shareholders of Company Limited, he has the right or through their agents to attend the general meeting of shareholders to elect the Board of Directors and to participate in the company's operating decision-making. The size of the power of shareholders, depending on the number of shares possession. Shareholders of the holding of equities in general take part in the shareholders of the Company has the right of the General Assembly has the right to vote, in a sense can be seen as the right to participate in the operation; shareholders of the company's profit also took part in the distribution of power, the distribution of benefits can be called right . Shareholders who rely on their holdings to the shares of the company to receive dividends and the right to claim authority and responsibility. At dissolution or bankruptcy, shareholders are required to bear the limited liability company, the shareholders in accordance with the proportion of shares held by it to assume obligations to creditors of limited liability. At the creditors after the debt, preferred stock and common stock shareholders for the remaining assets can also be in accordance with the proportion of their shareholdings to the company requesting liquidity (ie, claims), but the preferred shareholders have priority over common stock, common stock only in the priority claims such as stocks, after remaining assets, only the right to have recourse to liquidation.

4. Liquidity of the stock can be at any time on the transfer of the stock market, the trade can also be inheritance, gift, mortgage, but not withdrawal. Therefore, the stock also is a strong flow of liquidity. As long as the transfer of bearer shares of stock delivery would put the assignee, you can achieve the transfer of the legal effect; the transfer of bearer shares will be sold at people only after the transfer of signature endorsement. It is precisely because the stock has a very strong liquidity, only to make the stock market become an important financing instrument of the community.

Stock certificates are a concrete manifestation of the form of stock. Stock not only to obtain the approval of relevant state departments in order issuing and listing, and the coupon must have some basic content. Stock certificate in the production process, documented the content and must be documented on a standardized manner and in accordance with relevant laws and regulations and the provisions of the Articles of Association.

Under normal circumstances, the stock certificates of listed companies should be on par with the following: 1. Co., Ltd. issued in the stock full name and date of registration and address. 2. The total issued shares, shares and per share amounts. 3. Nominal amount of shares and number of shares represented. 4. Stock issuing company's chairman of the board of directors or signature, the competent authority approved the issuance of the registration's signature, and some indication of ordinary shares or preference shares, such as the words. 5. Date of stock issuance and stock number of the flowing water. If you are bearer shares, it must specify the names of the shareholders. 6. India has for the transfer of shares used forms. 7. Stock issuing companies should consider matters set out in the attention. Such as share annotated to be formalities, stock registry and address, description of preferred shares are the priority of content.

Medical use of gold

2009-03-12T20:32:00.000-07:00

This precious metal of gold has a wonderful magic, it rare, valuable, value stability, are a symbol of wealth and identity has always been a goal pursued by people focused and status. Everyone knows that, with gold on the equal possession of wealth, which are unique characteristics of gold, and therefore people have been using it mainly for financial reserves, currency, jewelry. Of course, the use of gold is not only confined to some areas of this.
Wah makes gold since ancient times, the U.S. will use it as decorative jewelry. The merchandise of gold currency gold decide property is widely used in financial reserves. Gold because of the excellent characteristics, the history of gold to serve as currency on the functions, such as measure of value, liquidity, storage means, means of payment and the world currency.
In addition, gold has also been used in industry and science and technology. Because gold has a unique nature of perfection, it is highly corrosion-resistant stability; good conductivity and thermal conductivity; gold nuclei with a larger effective neutron capture cross section; of infrared reflectivity close to 100% ; in the gold alloy catalyst with a variety of nature; gold have good technology, and easily processed into ultra-thin gold foil, gold and powder-micron; gold plating easily to other metals and ceramics and glass on the surface, must stress at the golden easily be welded and welding forging; payment can be made with organic superconductors payment. It is precisely because there is so much good nature, it has reason to use the most widely required in modern high-tech industries go, such as electronic technology, communications technology, aerospace technology, chemical technology, medical technology.

Stock-operation

2009-03-10T00:28:00.000-07:00

Stock-operation
1. What is the stock
Shares are shares issued to shareholders as the company has invested in shares of the certificate and the certificate obtained from the dividend. Stock as a general merchandise, as there is price to trade, can be used as collateral. Ag through issuing shares to raise funds, and investors can buy shares through the dividend income must obtain
2. Shares the basic characteristics of

Powers and responsibilities of: property rights or equity shares as of the certificate, the shares are securities performance, on behalf of shareholders of the issuing company must have the powers and responsibilities. Shareholders through participation in general meeting of shareholders to exercise their right to vote to participate in company management; shareholders who rely on their holdings to the company to receive dividends, participate in dividends and, in particular under the condition of the assets of the company have the right to claim compensation; shareholders of its holdings are limited to the company responsible. The interests of shareholders of the company accounted for its equity holdings in direct proportion to the ratio.
Timing: buy shares is a non-determined investment period, investors are not allowed halfway withdrawal.
Price volatility: stock prices affected by many factors that affect the society, stock prices are often volatile ups and downs of the state, it is this volatility so that investors may want to achieve short-term profits.
Investment risk: the stock by buying one will not be able to refund the principal, the volatility of share prices means that the holders of the profit or loss on the Change. Listed company's financial situation is a direct impact on the number of investors to obtain the proceeds. Once the bankruptcy liquidation, first of all, investors are not subject to compensation, but the creditor.
Mobility: the principal amount of the stock does not refundable, but it can be freely tradable shares to sell or transfer as collateral.
Limited liquidity responsibility: the responsibility of investors to buy shares only limited funds, even if the companies are bankrupt, investors have trust obligations of duty, will not go bankrupt, the biggest loss is the scraps of paper stock.

Basic knowledge of stock

2009-03-07T06:46:00.000-08:00

With the deepening of economic reform, stock market also continued development and improvement of stock market investors to participate in increasing the stock market has become a people willing to bear the risk of financial means, while the stock has become everyone naturally hot topic of concern. What stocks are in the end? Shares of stock certificates are referred to, are shares of companies to raise funds and to issue shares to shareholders as dividends in order to obtain a certificate and a portfolio and dividends. Per share of stock represents the shareholders of enterprises have a basic unit of ownership. Stock shares are an integral part of the company's capital, you can transfer, or trade price of mortgage, capital markets are the main long-term credit instrument. The role of the stock has three points. (1) stock is a capital proof that when a natural or legal person shares to the investment Co., Ltd., will be entitled to shares as investment certificate; (2) the holders of shares of stock to prove himself by virtue of the identity of shareholders, take part in general meeting of shareholders of joint-stock companies, joint-stock companies operating on their views; (3) the stock holders of the shares issued by virtue of the stock of enterprises take part in the distribution of profits, which is commonly referred to as dividends, as a means of obtaining a certain degree of economic interests. Stock as a portfolio, with the following characteristics: 1. Stability of stock investment is a period of no long-term investment. By buying one stock, as long as the issuing company stock exist, any stock holders can not withdrawal, that is, the stock issuing company should not request to opt-out of the principal. Similarly, the stock holders of the identity of shareholders and shareholder rights and interests can not be changed, but he can sell shares on stock market will enable the transfer of shares to other investors to recover their original investment. 2. Risks are there is any kind of investment risk, stock investment is no exception. Equity investors can be expected to return, first of all depends on the profitability of enterprises, benefit most points, a smaller share of small profits, the company may lose bankruptcy; Secondly, shares as trading partners, just as the same merchandise, has its own prices. And apart from the price of the stock subject to the operation of enterprises, but also by economic, political, social and even man-made and many other factors, in the ever-changing state, the ups and downs of the phenomenon has happened from time to time. Shares on the stock market price fluctuations will not affect the operating results of listed companies, thus affecting dividends and dividends, but the depreciation of the stock or will suffer some loss of investors. Therefore, people wishing to enter the market investors must be careful. 3. Select the right of shareholders to participate in the distribution of shares of corporate profits and limited liability of the rights and obligations. In accordance with the provisions of the Companies Act, the holders of shares that the shareholders of Company Limited, he has the right or through their agents to attend the general meeting of shareholders to elect the Board of Directors and to participate in the company's operating decision-making. The size of the power of shareholders, depending on the number of shares possession. Shareholders of the holding of equities in general take part in the shareholders of the Company has the right of the General Assembly has the right to vote, in a sense can be seen as the right to participate in the operation; shareholders of the company's profit also took part in the distribution of power, the distribution of benefits can be called right . Shareholders who rely on their holdings to the shares of the company to receive dividends and the right to claim authority and responsibility. At dissolution or bankruptcy, shareholders are required to bear the limited liability company, the shareholders in accordance with the proportion of shares held by it to assume obligations to creditors of limited liability. At the creditors after the debt, preferred stock and common stock shareholders for the remaining assets can also be in accordance with the proportion of their shareholdings to the company requesting liquidity (ie, claims), but the preferred shareholders have priority over common stock, common stock only in the priority claims such as stocks, after remaining assets, only the right to have recourse to liquidation. 4. Liquidity of the stock can be at any time on the transfer of the stock market, the trade can also be inheritance, gift, mortgage, but not withdrawal. Therefore, the stock also is a strong flow of liquidity. As long as the transfer of bearer shares of stock delivery would put the assignee, you can achieve the transfer of the legal effect; the transfer of bearer shares will be sold at people only after the transfer of signature endorsement. It is precisely because the stock has a very strong liquidity, only to make the stock market become an important financing instrument of the community. Stock certificates are a concrete manifestation of the form of stock. Stock not only to obtain the approval of relevant state departments in order issuing and listing, and the coupon must have some basic content. Stock certificate in the production process, documented the content and must be documented on a standardized manner and in accordance with relevant laws and regulations and the provisions of the Articles of Association. Under normal circumstances, the stock certificates of listed companies should be on par with the following: 1. Co., Ltd. issued in the stock full name and date of registration and address. 2. The total issued shares, shares and per share amounts. 3. Nominal amount of shares and number of shares represented. 4. Stock issuing company's chairman of the board of directors or signature, the competent authority approved the issuance of the registration's signature, and some indication of ordinary shares or preference shares, such as the words. 5. Date of stock issuance and stock number of the flowing water. If you are bearer shares, it must specify the names of the shareholders. 6. India has for the transfer of shares used forms. 7. Stock issuing companies should consider matters set out in the attention. Such as share annotated to be formalities, stock history and address, description of preferred shares are the priority of content.

Stock software

2009-03-05T06:21:00.000-08:00

Stock software
What is the stock software?
Stock software title should be more accurate analysis software are securities, and its basic function is to reveal the real-time information (including market information and information), so early stock software sometimes called the software market.
With the Securities and analysis technology and software technology development, and now shares a lot of software evolved features: technical analysis, fundamental analysis, information pooling, intelligent stock selection, automatic stock, joint commission and so on and, therefore, differentiation of a variety of different Schools of the characteristics of the stock software products, have relatively well-known large intelligence, Flush, Longsheng, macro exchange, access letter, the nuclear new and so on.
The substance of the stock software on the market information through the statistical data, in accordance with the analysis model must give a few (Report), shape (indicators of graphics), text (information links), users must in accordance with the analysis of theory, to these conclusions interpretation, there are some fool-style direct-to-use software will give trade recommendations. In fact, more correct, or is used, should be the selection of a stable performance, precise information of the software, combined with their own stock market experience, through exploration, the formation of a well-established application of the law.

Advanced gallbladder cancer

2009-03-04T18:25:00.000-08:00

Advanced gallbladder cancer
Gallbladder symptoms between the mid and late symptoms of the early symptoms between the development was carried out.
Clinical symptoms of gallbladder cancer have pain in the epigastric and right upper quadrant discomfort, dyspepsia, Heating, decreased appetite, jaundice and weight loss and so on. Because of the overwhelming majority of patients with gallstones, the clinical occurrence of pain and acalculous cholecystitis is similar to that in the latter will be turned into a continuous dull pain. Late symptoms of jaundice is often accompanied by cachexia performance. When the cystic duct obstruction or tumor metastasis to the liver or adjacent organs, sometimes can be hard on palpable abdominal mass. Violations such as cancer of duodenum, pyloric obstruction symptoms may appear.

Complications have gallbladder infection, empyema, perforation, and liver abscess, subphrenic abscess, pancreatitis, gallbladder pain, ileus, gastrointestinal and abdominal bleeding, etc., but also the vicinity of the gastrointestinal tract and fistula formation.

Gallbladder cancer prevention

2009-03-03T18:23:00.000-08:00

Gallbladder cancer prevention

First, prevention

1. To maintain a happy state of mind, to develop good eating habits, fasting spicy, thick and greasy food deprivation, do not drink liquor.

2. For people over the age of 40, especially women, should be conducted on a regular basis B ultrasonic examination, found to have cholecystitis, gallstones or polyps, etc., should follow-up examinations found that the disease has changed should be treated as soon as possible.

3. Active treatment before the cancer lesion, sooner or later, may cause cancer agency in addition to the incentive for aggressive treatment such as cholecystitis, gallstones for or has symptoms of a larger stone to cholecystectomy as soon as possible.

Second, care

1. Attention to the regulation of eating sick gallbladder bile excretion due to the impact of poor digestion and absorption of food, especially fatty food harder to digest, food less, abdominal distension and stool do not transfer. Choose nutritious easy to digest and absorb food, such as fresh fruit and vegetables, eat less or eat high-fat food, ban alcohol and tobacco, many drinking water.

2. Psychological care emotional factors on disease development and therapeutic effect and prognosis have important relations. Health care professionals should encourage patients to maintain a pleasant attitude, confidence in conquering the disease, give full play to the potential capacity of the body, so that patients can actively cooperate with the treatment, enhance the effect.

3. Supine rest should be to maintain a comfortable supine, lying generally to the left side, supine better position to prevent pressure on the gallbladder.

4. To encourage patients to do things within its capacity to divert bad mood, self-conditioning mentality, such as practicing qigong, a walk, listening to scientific knowledge, to achieve static and dynamic binding.

5. Close observation of body temperature, pulse, respiration, blood pressure changes, to prevent the occurrence of complications.

Gallbladder symptoms

2009-03-02T23:42:00.000-08:00

Gallbladder symptoms: general gallbladder to the more common symptoms include jaundice, abdominal pain, weight loss, reduce appetite, fever, nausea or abdominal pain and so on. Sometimes accompanied by itching skin, breath and so on the transfer of other organs. In fact, to see on the clinical symptoms such as jaundice, often has come to the end of the gallbladder.
That is rare in the gallbladder special symptoms, it is difficult to go in particular note that in the early detection of the relative on the lot of difficult.
Specific symptoms have the following points:
84% of the symptoms, because many of gallbladder with gallstones, inflammation coexist, and therefore the nature of pain and acalculous cholecystitis is similar to the start for the right upper quadrant discomfort, followed by emergence of persistent pain or dull pain, sometimes accompanied by paroxysmal pain Radiation to the right shoulder.
2. The vast majority of gastrointestinal symptoms (90%) appeared indigestion, tired of greasy, belching, appetite reduction, This is because replacement gallbladder function, can not digest fat caused by substances.
3. Jaundice jaundice often occur late in the course of disease, accounting for 36.5 percent, because many violations of bile duct cancer tissue, causing obstruction caused by malignant. Accompanied by weight loss, fatigue, or even cachexia, skin and mucous yellow dye, with difficult to treat itching skin.
4. Febrile 25.9% of patients develop fever.
5. Right upper quadrant mass lesion developed to the late emergence of right upper quadrant or upper abdominal mass, accounting for 54.5%. First, the rapid growth of tumor, bile duct obstruction, so that swelling of gallbladder; II violations are caused by duodenal obstruction, and obstructive symptoms at the same time; In addition to invade the liver, stomach, pancreas, etc. can also be a corresponding mass parts.
Second, signs
1. Jaundice manifested in the mucous membrane, skin yellow dye, yellow dye heavier, many for the obstructive, once jaundice appears, many changes had come late.
2. Right upper quadrant mass
Right upper quadrant may be touched more smooth enlargement of the gall bladder, and surrounding tissue without adhesion, the mobile; with the surrounding tissue has adhesions may touch on a few lumps, and sometimes touched the swelling of the liver, duodenal obstruction such as the mass.

Stock market

2009-02-27T00:37:00.000-08:00

Stock market shares are issued and in circulation places can also be said to refer to the shares issued for the sale of and transfer of venue. Stock transactions are achieved through the stock market. In general, the stock market can be divided into 1, 2, also known as a market share issue market, secondary market, also known as the stock market.

Stock is a portfolio. In addition to the stock portfolio, but also including national bonds, corporate bonds, real estate mortgage bonds and so on. National bonds appear earlier, are the first to put the transaction price of the bond has. With the development of commodity economy, the stock began to emerge later, such as bond prices have. Therefore, the stock price of the bond has only an integral part of the transaction, the stock market only has a wide range of price of a bond market. At present, very few have a single stock, the stock market but the stock market is to place the shares in the franchise.

Stock market listed companies to raise funds are one of the main. With the development of commodity economy, the increasing scale of the company require a large amount of long-term capital. And if companies rely solely on the accumulation of its own capital, it is very difficult to meet the needs of production development, and so must raise funds from outside. Companies to raise long-term capital in general has three ways: First, to borrow from banks; Second, issuance of corporate debt; three are issuing shares. The first two modes of higher interest rates, and have time constraints, not only to increase the company's operating costs, but also the company's capital can hardly stable, and therefore has significant limitations. The use of means of issuing shares to raise funds, there is no need servicing, just part of the profits allocated to them to pay dividends. These three types of funding compared with an integrated way, the way shares are undoubtedly the most economical, the company is most favorable. Therefore shares to raise capital on the development of large enterprises has become an important form of the economy, while stock in the entire securities trading, and therefore play a rather important position.

Surgical treatment of stomach cancer

2009-02-25T19:26:00.000-08:00

Surgical treatment of stomach cancer
So far the treatment of stomach cancer, the effect is still not satisfied. This regard because of gastric cancer is unclear reasons, should not be in its prior to the onset of prevention; on the other hand, the time of diagnosis in most cases are already in advanced patients, efficacy of the natural poor. Therefore improve the early diagnosis of stomach cancer is still the key to treatment.

First, surgical treatment

For the treatment of stomach cancer is currently the main method is the only possible cure for a means of advanced gastric cancer.

(1) a variety of surgical options

1. Radical excision

Also known as curative resection. Stomach cancer is about the original lesions, together with some of these bodies and their corresponding regional lymph nodes be removed, no residue of any clinical cancer tissues. Also because of the scope of regional lymph node dissection are different, while divided into four different radical mastectomy: the first leg is not totally removed lymph nodes, said R. Operation: The first stop for the R1 to remove lymph node surgery, to remove all the same the second leg or the third leg of the lymphatic, called R2, or R3 operation, but also the extent of lymph node metastasis in accordance with the scope of the relationship between lymph node dissection, the distinction between absolute and relative radical for two kinds of radical, absolutely radical lymphadenectomy refers to the first stop beyond the metastatic lymph nodes above the first leg such as lymph node metastasis, the purposes of R2 or R3 radical, namely, that the absolute cure. Such as R1 only surgery, although clinically no residual metastatic lymph nodes, but only think is relatively radical.

General radical gastrectomy scope should include the original lesions, including proximal or distal stomach of the 2 / 3 ~ 3 / 4, full size omentum, and gastrocolic ligament hepatogastric and guitar mesenteric leaves, the first part of duodenum and stomach regional lymph node. Sometimes, in order to clear the body of stomach cardia cancer next door spleen, lymph nodes around the splenic artery, have to line the entire stomach and pancreatic body, tail and spleen together with the expansion of radical resection. Cancer involving the transverse colon or left lobe of liver and other adjacent organs, it can be used together with the involvement of radical organ resection United.

Radical mastectomy because of the expansion of surgical mortality and the incidence of postoperative complications in high and therefore should be strictly surgical indications, such as no choice will be to expand the implementation of gastric cancer are radical mastectomy does not improve the survival rate of gastric cancer. Body is generally believed that gastric cancer, diffuse infiltrating cancer and lymph node metastasis has been the second leg of the gastric antrum in principle should be extended radical operation.

Stomach cancer care

2009-02-25T07:06:00.000-08:00

Stomach cancer care

Human gastric cancer are one of the most common malignant tumor, accounting for the first tumor of digestive tract. Gastric cancer found in men, and good hair in the middle-aged and old, and its many happened in the antrum, followed by stomach lesser curvature, cardia. In the surgical treatment of gastric cancer at the same time, should pay attention to post-operative care, if proper care is often to extend the lives of patients and improve quality of life of patients.

Psychological care

Patients with gastric cancer in the psychological and physical torture by the double, when most in need of family, friends, medical personnel caring and considerate. From the reality, for most patients wish to call a spade a spade. Hide illness and treatment of disease increased by many obstacles, thereby affecting the therapeutic effect; at the same time hiding the truth so that patients know nothing about the severity of their illnesses, passively listen to the mercy of medical staff and relatives can not be subjective, and actively with the various treatment . Relatives at this time should be optimistic as far as possible to comfort sick guidance to allow the course of treatment, especially the combination of integrated Chinese and Western treatment methods used, that gastric cancer mortality declining continuously extend survival time, so that patients understand the value of existence.

Clinical Nursing

Gastric cancer patients with low resistance, body parts prone to infection, should be a daily sponge bath with warm water to the sick and maintain the skin clean and dry. For long-term bedridden patients, should be regularly given to the replacement of lying, bone protuberans provenance should be mats of rubber ring, gas ring, and used alcohol regularly to give massage to promote blood circulation. Beds should be kept clean, dry, flat, to avoid moisture, friction and droppings stimulation to prevent bedsores Patient happen, and should encourage and help them to do physical exercise in bed in order to prevent thrombotic phlebitis happen.

stomach cancer symptoms

2009-02-24T18:48:00.000-08:00

See more of early stomach cancer symptoms are epigastric discomfort, such as mild stomach pain, swelling a heavy flu, and sometimes the Ministry of heart pain, is often initially diagnosed as gastritis or ulcer disease and treatment, symptoms may temporarily ease. Lesions such as occurred in the gastric antrum, duodenum functional changes can occur, there rhythmic pain, symptoms similar to ulcer disease, but also easily be misdiagnosed as duodenal ulcer and delaying treatment. However, these symptoms will relapse after a period of time. Therefore, those who have upper abdominal symptoms, such as also with other high-risk factors, or in the treatment of hair after repeated authors, must be vigilant to do further examination, with a view to early detection, early treatment.

Anorexia, nausea, vomiting, belching, acid indigestion and other symptoms, is also a group of common and a lack of specificity of the early signals of gastric cancer. Loss of appetite may be early symptoms of gastric cancer, and do not with the symptoms of stomach pain, stomach pain if symptoms occur simultaneously and can be ruled out hepatitis, in particular attention. Some patients after eating due to abdominal distention, belching automatically restricted diet, resulting in weight loss and weight loss, weakness. Early symptoms of stomach cancer may also occur after drinking a sense of fullness accompanied by mild nausea. Cardia tumor began eating may be unfavorable, the progressive development of dysphagia and food to reflux. Antral cancer may be due to the further development of pyloric obstruction and vomiting.

Easily be misdiagnosed as the symptoms of functional dyspepsia should be so as soon as possible for medical treatment, such as acceptance of gastroscopy examination, with a view to the detection of gastric cancer at an early stage.

Early stomach cancer and advanced gastric cancer upper gastrointestinal bleeding may occur, often melena. A small number of early gastric cancer can be manifested as mild symptoms of upper gastrointestinal bleeding, or melena or continuous positive fecal occult blood. More common in polypoid early gastric cancer and ulcer-like, in order to surface erosion or cancer lesions violations capillaries, causing a small amount of bleeding caused by long-term, but also can be found in relatively flat lesions in early gastric cancer subtypes. Its characteristics are not easily controlled by medication. Where older people without stomach disorders, and then once more the possibility of gastric cancer should be vigilant. Was such as tar-like stool, persistent positive stool occult blood test, especially in the general diet control or take drugs are not easy to stomach when stopped, it is important to one of the symptoms of early gastric cancer. So has this symptom should be conditional to the hospital line of upper gastrointestinal endoscopy and barium meal X-ray and other checks to clear diagnosis.

In addition, is particularly worth mentioning are the overwhelming majority of the pathology of stomach cancer are occurring in chronic gastritis (especially atrophic gastritis), Helicobacter pylori (HP) infection, residual gastritis, gastric polyp, gastric ulcer and so on the basis of , so some patients have chronic long-term history, has epigastric discomfort, indigestion and other symptoms. On this basis, such as near-term pain, such as epigastric full nature or extent of change has increased, food-related pain rhythm changes, or medication can not be alleviated, or weak and so thin, then more must be on guard against stomach the occurrence of cancer.

Gastric cancer patients suffering from weight loss, weakness of the most advanced stomach cancer, and for many there are, in part or distant metastasis, and often anemia.

Patient can cause a variety of causes of vomiting, such as common duodenal ulcer or ulcer scar stenosis, reflux esophagitis, ulcers and other gastric cardia. Or gastric cardia cancer involving pyloricus often can cause vomiting, vomitus, including juice and even coffee-like bloody fluid. Vomiting are generally of advanced gastric cancer performance has often accompanied by weight loss.

Left subclavian appear such as soybean or peanut-like swelling of the lymph nodes, painless, quality hardware and fixed, it is a more specific signs of gastric cancer, mostly intra-abdominal and other organs has been the transfer of the signs of advanced gastric cancer.

Once a left supraclavicular lymph nodes, lymph node biopsy or make an immediate puncture cytology; gastroscopy and gastric lesions block many many directions to do biopsy forceps check histopathological examination and, if necessary, supplemented by stomach barium meal X-ray can be immediately clear diagnosis.

Suffering from stomach problems over the 50-year-old male, such as the recent recurrent epigastric pain, but when the good or bad, should be more alert to the relevant special inspection as soon as possible.
Advanced stomach cancer symptoms

(1) symptoms more than 70% of early gastric cancer may have no symptoms. According to the mechanism of advanced stomach cancer can be divided into four aspects of shape.
1. Happen due to cancer proliferation and energy consumption and metabolism, resulting in lower resistance, malnutrition, vitamin deficiency, etc., manifested as fatigue, loss of appetite, nausea, weight loss, anemia, edema, fever, constipation, dry skin and hair and so on.

2. Gastric ulceration caused by upper abdominal pain, gastrointestinal bleeding, perforation. Stomach pain often bite sokolowskii, and with no clear relationship between eating or after eating heavier. Some, like peptic ulcer pain, consumption of food or antacid may ease this situation can be maintained longer period of time, after the pain gradually increased and sustained. Bleeding when the cancer showed positive fecal occult blood test, hematemesis or black feces, 5% in patients with bleeding, and even gastric bleeding or perforation due to acute abdomen, such as the first medical person.

3. Stomach cancer caused by the role of mechanical symptoms, such as filling the stomach because of poor satiety caused by flu, a heavy flu, as well as tasteless, anorexia, pain, nausea, vomiting and so on. Cardia stomach cancer located in the vicinity can be violations of esophagus, caused by fighting uh, dysphagia, is located near the pylorus may cause pyloric obstruction.

4. Metastasis caused by the proliferation of cancer symptoms, such as ascites, liver, and jaundice lung, brain, heart, prostate, ovary, bone marrow, such as arising from the transfer of the corresponding symptoms.

(B) can be signs of early gastric cancer without any signs, the signs of advanced cancer in more than the most common abdominal tenderness. 1 / 3 of patients with palpable and upper abdominal mass, rather than hard rules, may have tenderness. Can abdominal mass was found with the tumor location, size and wall thickness of patients. Antrum cancer may be palpable abdominal mass were more.

Many other signs of advanced or metastatic gastric cancer from arising, such as swelling, hard, irregular surface of the liver, jaundice, ascites, left supraclavicular and left axillary lymphadenopathy. Digital rectal examination of male patients at the upper part of the prostate can be hard palpable mass, women with vaginal examination may be palpable ovarian enlargement. There are other signs of a rare skin, abdominal white line Department nodules, inguinal lymphadenopathy, fever may be late, mostly cachexia. In addition, stomach cancer, including carcinoma syndrome thrombotic phlebitis, black spine disease and dermatomyositis may have corresponding signs.

Gastric Cancer

2009-02-24T01:34:00.000-08:00

Gastric cancer in China are a threat to people's lives and health, one of the most serious malignant tumors, the mortality rate of the first UN-malignant. However, diagnosis and treatment of early gastric cancer of 5 years, 10-year survival rates were up to 95% and 90%. The key is the right choice and reasonable inspection methods to improve detection rate of early gastric cancer. Common symptoms are: easy satiety, abdominal distension, dysphagia and upper abdominal discomfort, or have severe upper abdominal pain drilling. May be due to pyloric obstruction or full stomach and tired vomiting, tumor rupture can cause hematemesis and melena, course the elderly may be fatigue, loss of appetite, weight loss, anemia, edema of fever, dry skin and hair and other clinical manifestations. Common examination: endoscopy, gastrointestinal barium meal X-ray examination, endoscopic ultrasonography, gastric CT, oral ultrasound reagent B by abdominal ultrasonography.

The etiology of gastric cancer has not yet been fully clarified. Through the geographical distribution of gastric cancer, as well as study on the relationship between migration is generally believed that the external environment and dietary factors and the incidence of gastric cancer is most closely related to the human body there are certain conditions conducive to the occurrence of gastric cancer, but also can not be ignored.

(1) genetic factors of clinical workers have encountered a family of two or more members suffering from gastric cancer cases, such a good hair though the tendency of gastric cancer is extremely rare, but at least have prompted the possibility of genetic factors. Information reported in patients with gastric cancer have relatives in the incidence of gastric cancer than the control group 4 times.

In genetic factors, many authors noted the relationship between blood type. Someone Statistics, A-type gastric cancer incidence of the blood group of people than other high-20%. But there are also some reports of different blood types who think the incidence of gastric cancer there is no difference. In recent years some studies the incidence of gastric cancer and the relationship between HLA, pending further to conclusions.

(B) factors of geographical environment of the stomach around the world epidemiological survey showed that different regions and racial incidence of gastric cancer there is an obvious difference. These differences may be related to genetic and environmental factors.

Some information on the gastric hair in many high-latitude areas, farther from the equator of the country, the higher the incidence of gastric cancer. Also has information that its incidence and coastal factors. There are different factors in eating habits should also be considered for geochemical and environmental factors that exist in the possible carcinogenic substances.
National comprehensive survey of gastric cancer epidemiology unit has been investigated by internal gastric cancer-prone areas, such as river flow within the Qilian Mountains, Hexi Corridor, the Yellow River upper reaches of the Yangtze River, Minjiang River mouth, the lower reaches of Mulan and the southern section of the Taihang Mountains and other places and found that in addition to the southern section of the Taihang Mountains metamorphic rocks, the other for the volcanic rocks, high-peat, in part or in its side has deep and large faults, the ratio of water Ca/SO4 small, and nickel, selenium and high levels of drilling. Mission also investigate gastric low-prone areas, such as upper reaches of the Yangtze River and Pearl River and other places and found the area for the limestone zone, no deep and large faults, the ratio of water Ca/SO4 large, nickel, selenium and cobalt low. Volcanic rocks are known to contain 3,4 benzopyrene, some as high as 5.4 ~ 6.1μg/kg, peat and other organic nitrogen precursors with higher levels of nitrosamines, so that gastric mucosal injury prone. In addition, selenium and cobalt can cause stomach damage, nickel can promote the carcinogenic effects of 3,4 benzopyrene. Geographical environmental factors over whether the formation of gastric cancer in these high incidence areas of the reasons, it is worth further exploration.

(C) dietary factors for dietary factors affect the incidence of gastric cancer, has been tumor States researchers attention. Dietary factors may be carcinogenic for the regular consumption of smoked or pickled foods, sauerkraut (including N-nitroso compounds). In recent years, research has also raised the protective factors, such as milk, animal protein, fresh vegetables and some fruit. Recently, Japan and the United States the decline in the incidence of gastric cancer have been attributed to the improvement in diet. However, the relationship between diet and Cancer Research and its carcinogenic mechanism is extremely complex. Both in food may play a direct role in the existence of carcinogens, whether they are naturally present in food or cooking, processing, storage process generated; food intake after the human body may also be a number of factors in the body resulting from the effect of carcinogens. In the carcinogenic process, and some material to start to play the role of carcinogens, some promoter or tumor suppressor plays a role, but also with the complexity of the human body metabolism, bio-transformation processes are intertwined, it is difficult from the these complex factors sure to find the link. Experimental data can be used to evaluate the dietary and metabolic factors in human gastric cancer, if results are consistent with epidemiological evidence, the results only convincing.

China's comprehensive survey of gastric cancer epidemiology unit of domestic gastric high-and low-incidence area of investigation results showed that the gastric cancer and diet are closely related. In Aspergillus versicolor endotoxin-induced rat liver cancer experiment, having seen the occurrence of gastric adenocarcinoma. Investigate the region from the main non-staple food and gastric juice of patients can be detected in Aspergillus versicolor and Aspergillus nidulans and other fungi, the region of high incidence of gastric cancer detection rate is obviously higher than the low-prone areas, can be prompted to mycophenolate food is a risk of gastric cancer factors.

what is stomach cancer

2009-02-23T06:48:00.000-08:00

1, what is stomach cancer?

Gastric cancer is the most common gastric tumor, a malignant tumor of epithelial origin, namely gastric adenocarcinoma. In gastric cancer, adenocarcinoma accounted for 95% of which is the most common malignant tumor of digestive tract, and even among the highest of all human malignancies. In China, gastric cancer is one of the most common malignant tumor, the incidence rate of the first types of tumor, each year about 170,000 people died of stomach cancer, almost all malignant deaths of 1 / 4, and each year more than 20,000 new gastric cancer patients from gastric cancer is a serious threat to people's health diseases. Gastric cancer can occur at any age, but mostly 40 ~ 60-year-old, male than female, about 2:1, stomach cancer can occur in any part of the stomach, but was particularly prevalent in the antrum, especially the lesser curvature of stomach.

2, gastric cancer etiology

At present, consider the following factors and the occurrence of gastric cancer:

Environmental factors in different countries and regions the incidence of significant difference between the description and environmental factors are one of the most important dietary factors.

Salt may be induced by exogenous factors of gastric cancer, one of many residents of the salt intake of country with high incidence rates of gastric cancer. Nitrosamine compounds have been successfully induced gastric cancer in animals. Smoked fish contain more 3,4 - benzopyrene (benzopyrene); moldy food contains more mycotoxins; rice processed outside review has talcum powder, and its chemical properties and structure are similar to asbestos fibers, the material were considered to have carcinogenic effects.

Genetic factors in some families a higher rate of incidence of gastric cancer. Some data indicate that gastric cancer occurred in people of blood type A blood type O than for many.

Immune factors in immunocompromised people of a higher rate of incidence of gastric cancer may be immune dysfunction, cancer of the supervisory role of immune decline in gastric cancer have happened in a certain sense.

Stock investment book

2009-02-22T18:13:00.000-08:00

Stock investment book sales the first author Chen Huo-Jin authority for the! Stocks, funds, through Hong Kong stocks, QDII, stock index futures, a have a lot! Knowledge + skills + attitude = wealth can read a study of this book will earn skillfully divided into two: the stock articles and fund articles. Open an account book from the stock, securities types, the way stocks and stock market rules, stock selection, buying, buying a stock, such as the most basic knowledge about the stock, user-friendly, easy to understand, let you in the stock market in stable earned not lose. Fund articles from the understanding of funds, the transaction rules, the selection of funds, the sale of the composition of skills of four chapters.

Editor's Choice
China stock investment book sales the first author Chen Huo-Jin authority for the!
Stocks, funds, through Hong Kong stocks, QDII, stock index futures, a have a lot!
Knowledge + skills + attitude = wealth
Can read a study will be earned Qiao

The book is divided into two: the stock articles and fund articles. Open an account book from the stock, securities types, the way stocks and stock market rules, stock selection, buying, buying a stock, such as the most basic knowledge about the stock, user-friendly, easy to understand, let you in the stock market in stable earned not lose. Fund articles from the understanding of funds, the transaction rules, the selection of funds, the sale of the composition of skills of four chapters.

Library Catalog
Shares articles
Chapter I open an account
First, securities varieties and types of accounts
1. Securities varieties
2. Account type
Second, the creation of A shares account

Discoloration of gold jewelry

2009-02-20T21:30:00.001-08:00

Many people wear gold jewelry in a period of time, that change color or fade, many people who think that this is insufficient fineness of gold jewelry, then went to store representations or complaints to consumer associations. However, the defendant has the gold jewelry is not discolored or faded less than the fineness of gold jewelry, but other reasons.

Gold jewelry discoloration or fading with the body's sweat has a close relationship. Person's sweat is 99% water, while about 1% of the human body are the body's waste and hazardous substances, such as: chloride, lactic acid, urea, urea ammonia. These substances with the gold jewelry of silver and copper contacts, it will produce a chemical reaction to produce chlorine silver and copper sulfide, and a dark chemical salt. This kind of chemical salts often on gold jewelry from falling, pollution wearing the skin, leaving skin very obvious black stains.

Cosmetics at the moment of people's lives has become an indispensable "role" one. If applied in the gold jewelry worn on the skin, then no doubt the cosmetics contain chemical substances and chemical erosion fear gold jewelry "enemy Poly head" to provide the opportunity to think and the results can be.

Some cosmetics, but also contains some minor durum, which constitute another type of dirt, so wear gold jewelry. Geographical environmental factors may also cause the loss of gold jewelry bright color. For example: do more of the regions, the air contains more fine dust from being addicted to the human body to form a "human sandpaper", which can wear gold jewelry out of very fine debris, such as a partial black stain. It is worth mentioning that the powder or moisturizer also contain similar particles, such as the above will make the same pale gold jewelry.

Platinum gold

2009-02-19T23:44:00.000-08:00

Platinum gold and other metals are melting into the white alloy. Instead of platinum, a lot of business in order to confuse the consumer audio-visual! Platinum output because of the scarcity, high prices, coupled with high melting point, so the general country rarely use platinum to produce a true K platinum.
At present, the vast number of consumers in order to meet the demand for platinum, the selection of gold and palladium or nickel, silver, copper, zinc and other metal melting into a white alloy, known as "K platinum." K and K platinum fineness of gold, like the quality of a bundle of 24, gold in which the share of quality shares, compared with "K platinum" K-number. 18K such as platinum, 14K platinum, gold content of which were 75% and 58.5%.

Diamond maintenance

2009-02-18T21:28:00.000-08:00

Your customers need to know how to maintenance of the diamond, making it forever bright. A bright and clean diamond not only has better light reflection effect, and will be contaminated than those of skin oils, soap, cosmetics and kitchen grease larger diamond appears. Diamonds have bonded to the oil, therefore, should be washed once a month to keep it bright.

Can recommend the use of the following methods:

Cleaning liquid wash method

With a small bowl or cup containing warm water, in water and transfer the appropriate amount of neutral detergent. Baptist will be the diamond in water, under the faucet with warm water rinse (final with a soft cotton flannel make do without you.

Cold flooding method

With a small bowl or cup, the appropriate amount of water and household water mixed亚摩尼亚to diamond Soak for about 30 minutes, and then use a small brush in gently scrub the diamond around, and then one will be waving in the water , drying out the tissue paper can be used.

Express Cleaning Method

Purchase a bottle of brand-name jewelry cleaner fluid, together with the bundle of container, follow the instructions to wash the diamond.

Other nursing diamond tips

There are some tips you can provide to customers to help them care diamond. When to do housework, do not let the diamond jewelry in chlorine bleach wash, it will not damage the diamond, but will fade or change color inlay care. Washing dishes or when to do menial do not wear diamonds, diamonds Although hard, but the direction by Texture Based on the hit may have harmful effects. Year will show your diamond jewelry jeweler check to see whether occasional inserts and wear loose, re-fixed and polish to it.

Gold jewelry maintenance

2009-02-16T23:33:00.000-08:00

Tips for Gold jewelry maintenance

1, Jie fine chemicals will change the color of gold, so to do before the cleaning work should take off jewelry

2, to avoid directly with perfume, hair spray volatile substances such as contacts, otherwise easily lead to gold fade

3, swimming to remove the ornaments, so as not to run into the sea or pool water, the surface chemical changes

4, custody when no longer used flannel wrap into jewelry boxes, to avoid friction damage to each other

5, gold relatively soft, easily deformed, so do not pull a necklace and other jewelry to avoid deformation

6, pure gold jewelry in the case of mercury will have a chemical reaction, there white spots, as long as alcohol when cleaning lamp barbecue while, will be able to resume the primary

7, after the wearing of gold ornaments often stains and dust contamination and loss of luster, at this time, as long as the gold ornaments at a neutral detergent in warm water soaking and washing.

Ways of cleaning gold jewelry

1, the protection of the shiny gold jewelry, can be painted above the thin layer of nail polish

2, if the surface has a black silver membrane, can be used 2 grams of salt, 7 grams baking soda, bleaching powder 8 grams, 60 milliliters of water were prepared as a "gold cleaning agent", the gold jewelry on one bowl, poured into the cleaning agent, 2 hours later, the gold jewelry removed, with water (preferably not the hard water) after rinsing, buried in the sawdust in the dry, then wipe with a soft cloth can be

3, precious stones ring with popsicles or match stick a cotton roll in the toilet water and glycerin mixed solution after the wet, scrub gem when its framework, and then polished with flannel rings. Avoid one with a blade type of sharp object to scratch

4, salt and vinegar mixed into a cleaning agent, use it to clean gold jewelry, make for a very long time often new

5, toothpaste wipe or scrub with thick rice soup, but also restore luster.

first investment in gold jewelry

2009-02-15T21:57:00.000-08:00

Gold jewelry is not a good investment varieties. With the aesthetic value of gold jewelry, buy gold jewelry itself paid a very high additional costs, purchase prices of raw materials and the intrinsic value of gold different from gold to goldsmiths, jewelers to carry out processing, to add the manufacturer, wholesale , retailers profits, and ultimately arrive at the hands of the purchaser all costs borne by the purchaser. And sold, this part of the cost of only those who pay for their purchase, so gold jewelry of the actual transaction cost is very high. In addition, the gold and silver jewelry in the day-to-day use will be subject to varying degrees of wear and tear, if the realization of the old gold and silver jewelry, its price would also like to than the original quantity discounts.

For example, in 2001 the world price of gold at near 25-year history of the lowest average price of 270 U.S. dollars / ounce, the price of gold jewelry is 90 yuan, while gold prices rose in 2005 to 480 U.S. dollars / ounce, the gold jewelry of the market price for the 125. Assuming then buy gold investments, pure raw materials from the gold price (U.S. reference price) perspective, the investment rate of return should be 77.8%. However, if investors are buying gold jewelry, in 2001 when the minimum purchase price for the 85 - 95 yuan / gram, the general payment to acquire the old gold of the highest repurchase price is not more than 110 yuan / kg. Can be seen if the investors to invest in gold jewelry, even if the world price of gold so many, the same can not enjoy the proceeds of gold prices.
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What is the MACD indicator

2009-02-13T22:09:00.000-08:00

Similarities and differences between exponential smoothing MACD Moving Average GERALD APPLE created for its use of two long, smooth short-term average, calculated from the difference between the two values, as judged on the basis of market transactions.
Trading principles:
1. DIF, MACD above 0, the general trend is a bull market, DIF upward breakthrough MACD, can be bought, if the DIF down below MACD, could only be used to the original list of positions can not sell a single new entry.
2. DIF, MACD below 0, the general trend is a bear market, DIF down below MACD, can be bought, if the DIF upward breakthrough MACD, could only be used to the original list of open positions, not the new pay admission.
3. Cattle deviation: share prices two or three recent lows and the MACD does not tie in with the emergence of a new low, can be bought.
4. Xiong deviation: share prices two or three recent high point MACD does not tie in with the emergence of a new high, could be sold.
5. High-end two cross fell down, low-grade cross rose up twice.

MACD is the Moving Average Convergence Divergence acronym, similarities and differences between the Chinese translation for smooth moving average line,
Mainly the use of short and long-term average of the two smooth lines, calculated from the difference between the two values, as judged on the basis of market transactions.
Algorithm:
DIFF Line closing price of short-term and long-term exponential smoothing moving average difference between
DEA Line M Line DIFF day moving average exponential smoothing
MACD line DIFF line with DEA poor line, color columnar Line
Parameter: SHORT (short term), LONG (long term), M the number of days, but generally they 12,26,9
Usage:
1.DIFF, DEA are now, DIFF upward breakthrough DEA, buy signal.
2.DIFF, DEA negative, DIFF down below DEA, sell signal.
3.DEA line with the K deviate from the line happened, Quotes reversal signal.
4. Analysis of columnar MACD line is changed from negative, sell signal; by the negative variation is, buying signal.

MACD indicator is based on the average tectonic theory, the closing price of price smoothing treatment (calculated arithmetic mean value) after a
Trend indicators. It is mainly composed of two parts, namely, positive and negative difference (DIF), similarities and differences between the average (DEA), which is the core difference of plus or minus
, DEA are auxiliary. DIF is a fast moving average smoothing (EMA1) and slow moving average smoothing (EMA2) poor.
In the existing technical analysis software, MACD parameters used are quickly smoothed moving average for the 12, the slow moving average smoothing
Line parameters for 26. In addition, MACD also has a supplementary indicators - columnar line (BAR). In most technical analysis software, chu
Shaped lines are colored, in the following below the 0 axis are green, above the 0 axis above are red, the former representative of the trend is weak, the latter on behalf of
Strong trend.
Below us, the use of MACD indicators should follow the basic principles:
1. When the DIF and the DEA at 0 axis above belong to the bull market, DIF line through the DEA bottom line is buy signal.
DIF-ray lines from top to bottom through the DEA, if the value of the two lines above is still in the 0-axis operation, only to be seen as a temporary drop
, And should not determine the trend of turning point, at this time whether the sale is also necessary to integrated with other indicators to judge.
2. When the DIF and the DEA at 0 axis below are short the market. DIF line from top to bottom through the DEA signal line are sold,
DIF line bottom line through DEA, if the value of the two lines is still in the 0-axis the following run, only to be seen as a short-lived rebound
, And should not determine the trend of turning point, at this time whether or not to buy is also necessary to integrated with other indicators to judge.
3. Columnar linear shrinkage and amplification. Generally speaking, the columnar line shows the trend of continued contraction in the intensity of running is gradually weakened,
When the column line colors change, the trend to identify a turning point. However, in some period of time not a long course of MACD indicators, which
One point of view and can not be completely set up.
4. Patterns and departure from the situation. MACD indicator also emphasized patterns and departure from the phenomenon. When the morphology of the DIF indicators MACD line and the MACD
Line formation of high bearish patterns, such as head-and-shoulders top, double-headed and so on, should be vigilant; and when the form on the MACD line and MACD indicators DIF
Line formation of low bullish patterns should be considered for purchase. In determining the form of DIF when the main line, MACD line as a supplement. When prices
Continues to rise, while the MACD indicator of one out of the trend of low wave Bobby, the means that arise from the top indicates that prices will likely
Shortly after the turn their back on the downlink, when the prices lower, while the MACD indicator is out of a wave higher than the wave of the trend, the mean
At the end of a departure from the emergence of the phenomenon indicates that the price will soon be the end of fall, turned up.
5. Kraft market distortion in the indicators will. When the price is not a top-down or bottom-up operation, but to maintain the horizontal direction
Mobile, we call it leather market, at this time of false signals will be generated in the MACD indicator, indicators DIF line and MACD Line
Cross will be very frequent, while columnar line strengths will also be frequent, will often color from green to red or from red to green,
MACD indicators at this time in a distortion, and use value be reduced accordingly.

Types of dentures

2009-02-13T06:33:00.000-08:00

Tooth loss or extraction of teeth after the bordered, with many made of porcelain or plastic, etc..

Dentures generally divided into two categories, fixed dentures, and those are the activities of dentures (that is, able to come off his dentures). (Full-mouth dentures, crowns, others, such as pile references).

Fixed dentures: are totally dependent on both sides of the edentulous area, make use of its teeth (on the way to do braces crown) to bear the burden of dentures jaw bite force，so called" support-type denture teeth. "

Is divided into a fixed denture: porcelain dentures fixed, that is, beauty crown (solid, durable, real, natural, comfortable) and stainless steel casting fixed dentures (metal color). There is also the same as iron leather swaged crown fixed dentures, delete from teaching textbooks, and now has not been clinically.

Therefore, the requirements of fixed denture abutment to solid, not loose. If more than two or more missing teeth, it is possible also in the edentulous area on both sides to increase the number of abutment teeth in order to secure better bear jaw bite force.

Events dentures: patients are able to put on, removed a denture, retention of its cards are through the solid ring and base spaces. When things affordable dentures jaw bite force, jaw dentures will bite force transmission to the size of the larger base, and then dispersed by the base gum on.

Events dentures is a therefore gums Supported by the bite force of a jaw dentures, known as the gums, "Supporting mucosa-style" dentures. Under certain conditions and denture base of the greater, the entire denture can bear jaw bite force is also greater.

Therefore, the activities of dentures in general larger, wear foreign body sensation in the mouth are also stronger, through a longer adaptation period to adapt to. Events are divided into the following three types of dentures: casting steel removable denture care, denture, traditional wire resin removable denture.

1, casting steel removable denture care in more than three of the relative size of the smallest, most rugged, most comfortable, because of its base are cast out, not only thin, solid, as are produced by casting process, so in removable denture to add periodontal splints, anti-inlay, and to stay in network devices (according to their oral status of patients choose to add the design), is the more ideal a removable denture.

2, denture: often used to repair missing front teeth, because it does not metal, more beautiful, but its disadvantage is the relatively large base, base materials the degree of anti-aging poor poorer tolerance

3, the traditional wire resin removable dentures: are artificial wire clasp bending system, using resin production base. Size, robustness, precision poor, but also easy to damage their own teeth, this denture in clinical use less and less.

Over several dentures, according to the specific circumstances of the mouth in patients with pigeon-holing. Best suited to your situation of oral dentures, dentures is the best.

Liver health knowledge

2009-02-10T21:45:00.000-08:00

Ask:
In my 19-year-old suffering from a medical examination to check for hepatitis B, and later went to several hospitals treated, the effect is not obvious, for fear of aggravating the burden of liver, I stopped treatment, now has 5 years, this year, I often can feel rib pain, I still have cholecystitis, now I do not know what will develop the disease, treatment will be spending a lot of money and having no effect, want children, but also know how to do, can you help me?
The first time add:
● Patients Sex: Female
● patient's age: 25
● details of the condition and the Advisory Objective: four years ago with Richard, liver function to normal, have mild liver damage. Did not check the last few years. No medication. Nothing at home, but will often feel pain in upper part of the body, rib pain, very tired. I do not know is not aggravate their condition. Usually is more rest, or do this exercise? I always worry too much, what the best way to change it? Thanks!
Answer:
Should check liver function, normal you do not need medication, light diet, nutrition, comprehensive, periodic follow-up inspection.
Does not matter. . Can eat more fruits and vegetables. At the same time can be observed and regular review.
Your situation is to check liver function if it is normal not to worry, no problem.
If this is the treatment of hepatitis good or positive in order to avoid future trouble. Chinese medicine a very high cure rate ah!
How are you! First of all I wish you an early resumption of health! I came to you to talk about the "day-to-day care of patients with hepatitis B" issue.
Diet health almost all the concerns of patients with chronic hepatitis B patients with no exception of course, but generally speaking, of hepatitis B patients do not have too many special dietary requirements. Therefore, liver disease imaginary friends, no need too, in the nutrition and health care also need not be too put deliberately refinement.
According to experts, the current standard of living has been good, the normal diet to meet the needs of the majority of hepatitis patients, so no need to deliberately tonic, diet, and no general taboo. Diet as long as there is enough heat, the right amount of protein, rich and full of vitamins, can be an appropriate amount of cellulose. If eating too many taboos, on the contrary may lead to malnutrition, is not conducive to disease control, and excessive reliance on traditional Chinese medicine tonics while ignoring normal diet is to trifles and neglects move.
1) the nutritional conditioning in patients with hepatitis B
"Three points custody rule." B conditioning including catering accommodation, emotional aspects, as well as drugs, high-protein, high vitamins, high fiber, low-fat diet, daily life has sections, but the degree of exhaustion and heart are open-minded in patients with hepatitis B road to recuperate. Hepatitis B patients with a reasonable diet is also important, the experts say that patients with liver disease is eating a reasonable diet First of all, reasonable structure, more fresh vegetables, fruit, enough to supplement the vitamins and cellulose, also contribute to the promotion of digestive function. Liver dysfunction is often the impact of fat metabolism, so many patients with chronic hepatitis C will have after the merger of fatty liver. Therefore attention should be paid to low-fat diet, low sugar (too much sugar into the body easily converted into fat), high-protein. Protein diet to include plant protein and animal protein, such as soy products, beef, chicken, fish and so on. It is worth noting that:
1. Choosy food on adverse liver.
2. Appetite to proper digestive function in patients with hepatitis B will be weakened, food often leads to the over-fed dyspepsia, will increase the burden on the liver. Wish cooking light, put less oil, oily and fried food deprivation, deprivation cold, pungent foods.
3. To a reasonable application of traditional Chinese medicine tonics mild hepatitis patients do not advocate use of ginseng tonic, a normal diet can provide adequate nutrients. Severe liver disease, cirrhosis patients taking tonic, it is best to seek the views of doctors practicing Chinese medicine, the dialectical treatment. For those less appetite poor nutrient intake, except start from the outside to improve the taste of food can also be another one to add vitamins and nutrients such as vitamin C, calcium and selenium and other trace elements.
2) physical exercise in patients with hepatitis B
Day-to-day care of patients with hepatitis B diet and exercise. Physical exercise can be strong bones and enhance the function of internal organs and promoting metabolism, enhance disease resistance. In principle, all patients should take part in physical exercise, of course, in patients with hepatitis B is no exception. Experts said that hepatitis B is a transmission factor (HIV) infection caused by infectious diseases, chronic hepatitis B immune function is not strong or immune deficiency caused by physical exercise to strengthen the body's immune system, the can virus produced a strong inhibitory effect, reducing their reproduction, there may even be eliminated. Hepatitis B patients therefore should be fully able to take part in physical exercise. However, hepatitis B patients during physical exercise should be gradual, in moderation; in the training process should be according to our capability, should not exercise too much. General feeling of fatigue does not prevail, that feeling of fatigue after exercise but be able to resume after the break for the appropriate amount of exercise. Exercise can vary because of age, young people's movement can be running, playing badminton, table tennis, etc., the elderly can walk, jogging, playing Taijiquan, etc.. The initial exercise should be small, can be tolerated in the case of a gradual increase in physical activity, to the extent appropriate to. physical exercise. If patients with abnormal liver function should be to reduce the movement, such as severe symptoms should get more rest, but complete bed rest may not be conducive to the resumption of the disease should not do any work, so that physical exercise can promote digestive function, but also to change the spirit of face, transfer of disease the attention of the disease may be more beneficial to the recovery. Of course, when in a serious condition at the best bed rest, so can increase the liver blood flow, liver pain brought more oxygen and nutrients will help repair liver cells.
Although in the radical B there certain difficulties, but did not most people imagine it to be terrible, as long as the proper treatment of health care and they can control life, the general can have a happy marriage and life. Therefore, in patients with hepatitis B there is no need to back a heavy psychological burden. Hepatitis B patients have to remember he is chronically ill, a number of heavy manual labor, a large amount of exercise activities, such as excessive Stay up should try to avoid, but at the same time should also enhance the resistance of courage, confidence and character to open, in the happy life Medium to overcome the disease.

Kidney disease syndrome

2009-02-10T04:56:00.000-08:00

Kidney disease syndrome

1. Acute nephritic syndrome in protrusions of hematuria, proteinuria, oliguria, hypertension and renal dysfunction for the performance, which is essential hematuria. Severe oliguria, hypertension, renal dysfunction can be associated with congestive heart failure, edema, and acid-base balance disorders, as well as symptoms such as central nervous system. If the symptoms persist for more than 4-8 weeks, his condition continued to worsen, it may be rapidly progressive glomerulonephritis.

2. Nephropathy combined with symptoms mainly manifested edema, massive proteinuria (> 3.5g / d) hypoproteinemia (<30g / L), such as edema and hyperlipidemia Excerpt from: Medical Education Network www.med66.com. Massive proteinuria and hypoproteinemia necessary for diagnosis. Medical Education Network collection

3. Conceal the existence of high blood pressure can be seen, but also can occur with acute symptoms, including headache, blurred vision, convulsions, heart failure and so on. Kidney disease caused by high blood pressure has two major categories: ① renal vascular lesions caused by high blood pressure often, and often for the radical evolution of hypertension. Mainly due to renal artery stenosis caused by excessive secretion of renin. ② renal parenchymal pressure, multi-bilateral glomerular, tubular lesions, chronic pyelonephritis caused.

4. Urine varies usually asymptomatic persistent proteinuria and (or) hematuria. No high blood pressure, edema, or azotemia. After the emergence of high blood pressure, renal function gradually declined, culminating in chronic renal failure.

5. Chronic renal failure in a long time been declining glomerular filtration rate, manifested as anemia, enuresis, serum creatinine, blood urea nitrogen, phosphorus increased, blood calcium decreased, and renal volume, such as narrowing . Kidney disease for a variety of sustainable development of the common vesting. Excerpt from: Medical Education Network www.med66.com

6. Frequent urination - urination discomfort syndrome have frequent urination, urgency, urinary tract irritation and other尿痛may be associated with pyuria or bacteriuria, etc..

(B) check from kidney disease: Medical Education Network www.med66.com

1. Urine routine examination

(1) proteinuria daily urinary protein that continued for over 150mg protein (Pro) in urine. General can be divided into the following five categories:

1) glomerular proteinuria are glomerular filtration as a result of membrane damage. Urine protein more than the original tubular reabsorption function to the smaller molecular weight mainly albumin.

2) tubular proteinuria of renal tubular disease, protein reabsorption obstacles.

3) proteinuria spill blood abnormal protein increased, glomerular filtration can not be fully taken up by tubular reabsorption. Found in multiple myeloma, intravascular hemolytic disease.

4) secretion of proteinuria mainly IgA excretion in urine increased. Found in tubules stimulated by inflammation or drugs.

5) Organization of proteinuria for organizing the destruction after the release. Those found in physiological: ① postural (orthostatic) proteinuria: to maintain the upright position or lordosis greater chance of having an accident; ② Functional proteinuria: including exercise, heat, cooling, overheating, such factors as sympathetic excitation induced proteinuria.

(2) The routine examination of blood urinary uric sediment in each high power field for more than 3 red blood cells under a microscope hematuria. Urine normal count of red blood cells from 12 hours should be less than 500,000. Urine appearance of the meat in water samples were washed blood blood micro-block that has gross hematuria. Hematuria caused by the following reasons:

1) systemic diseases: including the blood diseases (such as leukemia), infectious diseases (such as the prevalence of hemorrhagic fever), cardiovascular diseases (such as congestive heart failure), connective tissue diseases (such as systemic lupus erythematosus), drugs (such as sulfa drug, salicylic acid and anticoagulant type) and so on.

2) urinary tract adjacent organs diseases: such as acute appendicitis, acute or chronic pelvic inflammatory disease, colon or rectum diverticulum inflammation, malignant tumors and other diseases to invade and to stimulate the urinary tract or when.

3) renal and urinary tract diseases: various types of nephritis, renal basement membrane disease, pyelonephritis, polycystic kidney disease, kidney prolapse, urinary tract calculi, tuberculosis, cancer and vascular diseases, such as.

(3) tube urine normal urine occasionally transparent tube-type, if the sediment counter 12h type more than 5000, a large number of microscopy or other types of tube, said tube urine.

Wish to collect specimens to do the early morning inspection. If so, what cell type or more granular cast and proteinuria at the same time, the greater clinical significance. Interleukin-tube Activity pyelonephritis is the characteristics of red blood cell type is commonly found in acute glomerulonephritis acute active stage, epithelial cells were seen mainly in kidney tubular syndrome mechanized type; in renal failure may be seen in collecting duct to form a wide and short tube, known as renal failure casts. (Various tube to keep in mind the clinical significance)

(4) leukocytes in urine sediment examination in general, more than 5 leukocytes / high-power microscope field of vision for each anomaly, or fresh 1h urine WBC count more than 400,000, 12h more than one million. Urinary system in a variety of organ inflammation may occur, and may be subject to the impact of adjacent tissues.

2. Determination of renal function, often a relatively late stage of kidney disease appear abnormal renal function tests.

(1) Determination of clearance, endogenous creatinine clearance rate determination, can reflect the function of glomerular filtration rate.

(2) Determination of renal blood flow regular clinical application of ammonia hippuric acid method.

(3) other supporting check urine culture, urinary tract X-ray, intravenous and (or) retrograde pyelography, cystoscopy, etc..

(C) kidney disease diagnosis and prevention principles

In addition to etiologic diagnosis of kidney disease, the need for pathological diagnosis, functional diagnosis, more accurately reflect the nature and extent of disease. The severity of symptoms is not necessarily consistent with the degree of renal dysfunction.

(D) the classification of primary glomerular disease

Primary glomerular disease can be used for clinical and pathological classification

A. Primary Glomerular Disease Clinical classification

1. Acute Glomerulonephritis (acute glomerulonephritis)

2. Rapidly progressive glomerulonephritis (rapidly progressive glomerulonephritis)

3. Occult nephritis ball (latent glomerulone pheritis)

4. Chronic Glomerulonephritis (chronic glomerulone pheritis)

5. Nephrotic syndrome (nephrotic syndrome)

B in primary glomerular disease pathological type

1. Minimal change glomerulonephritis (minor glomerular abnormalities)

2. Focal segmental lesions (focal segmental lesions)

3. Diffuse glomerulonephritis (diffuse glomerulone phritis)

(1) membranous nephropathy

(2) proliferative glomerulonephritis ① mesangial proliferative glomerulonephritis; ② endocapillary proliferative glomerulonephritis; ③ mesangial capillary glomerulonephritis; ④ dense sediment renal glomerular inflammation; ⑤ crescentic glomerulonephritis.

(3) glomerulosclerosis

4. Unclassified glomerulonephritis

Type of kidney disease

2009-02-09T21:41:00.000-08:00

TCM-WM treatment of nephrotic syndrome better
Nephrotic syndrome in patients with life after the cure, what issues need attention? --- (2008-09-26)
Nursing children with nephrotic syndrome in patients with attention to what is required? --- (2008-09-26)
Nephrotic syndrome in patients with the more important after the caring and - (2008-09-26)
Comprehensive treatment of the effects of the treatment of nephrotic syndrome good --- (2008-09-26)
Treatment time nephrotic syndrome how to reduce the side effects of hormones? - (2008-09-26)
Nephrotic syndrome and chronic nephritis and contacts What is the difference? - (2008-09-26)
How to protect the kidneys to prevent kidney syndrome --- (2008-09-26)
Nephrotic syndrome and nephritis in the treatment, what is the difference? - (2008-09-26)
Nephrotic syndrome clinical diagnostic methods have what? - (2008-09-26)
Jingdong Sino-US hospital experts introduce to you the treatment of nephrotic syndrome Ways - (2008-09-26)
Nephrotic syndrome which patients taking antihypertensive agents can be? - (2008-09-03)
Nephrotic syndrome patients with systemic edema Why? --- (2008-09-03)
Causes of nephrotic syndrome and analysis of crowd-prone - (2008-09-03)
Children with nephrotic syndrome the patient's symptoms and classification Introduction --- (2008-09-03)
Who clinically susceptible to nephrotic syndrome? How treatment and prevention? - (2008-09-03)
Nephrotic syndrome patients with clinical symptoms and common complication - (2008-09-03)
Starting from the analysis of pathological factors appear Nephrotic syndrome causes of edema - (2008-09-03)
Children's risk of respiratory tract infection causes of nephrotic syndrome Introduction - (2008-09-03)
Nephrotic syndrome patients with massive proteinuria and hyperlipidemia reasons - (2008-09-03)
Nephrotic syndrome patients on a comprehensive overview - (2008-09-03)
Patients with nephrotic syndrome during treatment how to care for? - (2008-08-29)
Nephrotic syndrome and how to prevent day-to-day? --- (2008-08-29)
Patients with nephrotic syndrome in the treatment of common complications during the brief - (2008-08-29)
Nephrotic syndrome and nephritis What are the differences and connections? --- (2008-08-29)
Nephrotic syndrome in patients with proteinuria in a large number of reasons for that? - (2008-08-29)
Nephrotic syndrome can be complicated by the diseases? --- (2008-08-27)
Secondary clinical manifestation of nephrotic syndrome --- (2008-08-27)
Heart failure syndrome in children how to care for the kidneys? --- (2008-08-21)
Renal failure in children with renal syndrome care - (2008-08-21)

Children nephropathy

2009-02-08T19:42:00.000-08:00

Children nephropathy usually takes about a year of treatment. However, in clinical treatment has found that because there is misunderstanding parents, children's learning pressures and economic pressures of families and other reasons, some children are often not standardized treatment. In particular, the use of hormone therapy is relatively arbitrary, and even given a free hand stop, do so with very serious consequences.

Children with nephrotic edema is the most obvious symptoms: edema first appeared often begins with facial eyelid, gradually and the body more than a high degree of simple nephrotic edema, acupressure skin sag, and in serious cases involving the serous cavity, there hydrothorax, ascites , hydrocele and scrotal edema, can lead to breathing difficulties, diarrhea or vomiting.

Early detection of kidney disease urine test is the most basic approach, but schools and kindergartens in the organization of medical examinations of children will be overlooked when screening urine.

As a result of tonsillitis, respiratory infections, such as yellow water sores infectious disease and Henoch-Schonlein purpura may affect the kidneys, the experts remind parents for their children in the treatment of these diseases at the same time should be conveyed to the children to do a urine test. Parents should be aware of some children may signal kidney disease:

Edema: swelling of kidney disease is characterized by eyelid or facial edema, more than the afternoon faded, tired after the increase, reduce the rest.

Seizure of abnormal urine: urine routine examination if found proteinuria, red blood cells, white blood cells, urine, etc., should make further checks to specify the cause.

The causes of kidney disease

2009-02-08T17:45:00.000-08:00

Cold is often induced or exacerbated by the prime culprit of kidney disease. Because the cold would upset the body's immune system. According to clinical observations, colds or persistent fever 2-3 days, would enable the rapid rise in serum creatinine, or the rapid emergence of renal oliguria. If it is cold on a regular basis are required to take urine and renal function tests. Otherwise, prolonged, can lead to kidney failure, and developed into a near uremia. In addition, it is important that the children were often a result of extremely cold chronic renal failure patients showed a rapid increase in the momentum, please overwhelming majority of parents must pay attention to the child's recurrent "cold."
Acid lumbar, back pain, leg cramps, may be a calcium deficiency, kidney disease are more likely to be.
"Waist of the House for the kidney", the waist and is most closely related to kidney, kidney Kennedy adequate bone can be straight waist. By calcium advertisements, many patients with acid that lumbar, back pain, body weakness and other symptoms are caused as a result of calcium deficiency. In fact, although these symptoms with a certain degree of relationship between calcium deficiency, but the main reason is the title of kidney damage, calcium simply can not rely on summary of the issue. Clinical findings, patients often have failed due to long-term calcium supplementation to the hospital for an examination found that renal function is a problem. Therefore, we must first identify the reasons for patients to take medicine again.

Early symptoms of uremia are: anorexia, nausea and vomiting, diarrhea and mouth has the scent of urine; have ammonia breath odor, breathing a little fast and deep, serious pneumonia can occur uremia; often anemia and bleeding tendency .
Experts solemnly remind the general public, such as the above symptoms, it could be kidney problems, please do not delay, we must promptly to formal hospital professional body checks to clear diagnosis, pay close attention to the treatment.

At present, the developed countries the incidence of kidney disease is much lower than the domestic level, the fundamental reason is that foreign in the treatment of kidney disease prevention and treatment is based mainly on, making a number of kidney disease in the early elimination of the bud was lost. The majority of our country at an early stage renal disease patients is not prevention, not inspection, upon detection of problems, often to a very serious stage, treatment is very difficult. Therefore, very important to check the kidneys, to develop a regular kidney check is to ensure that the good habits kidney health for the prevention of the most effective means of uremia.

Kidney treatment

2009-02-06T16:53:00.000-08:00

Nephropathy with nephrotic medical treatment continues to develop, more and more kidney disease greatly enhance the chances of rehabilitation. With the deepening of understanding of kidney disease. Kidney specialist hospital has risen rapidly, and give full play to its advantages, gradually in the medical market, accounting for a place, and the introduction of a large number of new kidney disease therapies, under the traditional medical model of treatment, methods to resist the momentum of the formation. Practice has proved that already have a lot of kidney specialist hospital treatment by virtue of its unique, prominent medical services to win more and more attention and recognition of patients. Especially when many of the hospital under the traditional model can not solve the medical problems encountered, but only following the beaten track in accordance with the traditional solution, the specialist hospitals are inventive in devising new therapeutic approaches for the large number of patients with new options and reference.
From the kidney disease treatment methods, the traditional medical model of treatment of the existence of the following drawbacks:
First of all, the emphasis on hospital treatment, but the consolidation of the treatment outside the hospital do not attach importance to Simply concerned about the patients during hospitalization for treatment, it appears that only patients in the hospital is the object of their medical treatment, hospital patients out the door to all that future patients is improved or deteriorated and they were no longer has any connection. In fact, caring for patients after discharge from hospital is a very important part, if properly nursed back to health, the patient can live a calm stable for many years, no one can tell the patient the importance of caring, they may insist on treatment in the hospital for some time feel that there is no cause illness in most on its own drug, or drugs on their own reduction, Which I do not know it all too easily result in disease recurrence. Some patients do not know can not eat some food, resulting in even ate a little bit also is likely to lead to recurrent disease. Many patients outside the hospital is due to improper maintenance only had a second malignancy, three or more times the palace repeated treatment. This is Doctor mistakes, it is dereliction of duty doctors.
Secondly, the traditional medical model of Western Medicine Doctor biased underestimate Chinese medical treatment. Their emphasis on indicators of patient treatment, but neglect the protection of remnant nephron.
Traditional medical model of doctors often as the most advanced equipment and scientific testing therapeutic tools, but Chinese medicine tainted by the perception that Chinese medicine diagnosis treatment "are not allowed." Precisely because of this prejudice, which leads to many patients will simply delay the time and condition in Western medicine treatment of kidney disease treatment delayed the best time. If the patients had nephrotic syndrome, which is a disease of immune suppression is due to abnormal deposition of immune complexes in glomerular basement membrane, the destruction of the glomerular basement membrane leading to protein leakage, edema and other symptoms appear. Western medicine often persist in using hormone therapy, not long, the swelling in patients with extinction, and even urinary protein may also be negative, on the surface seems to cure kidney disease, and can spend more time, but also not much money to spend. Hormone can not be removed, even if slowly removed, just pay no attention to kidney disease will rebound immediately. The reason for such a very simple, through the hormonal changes in some of the morphological structure of kidney tissue, but the results achieved by external force, but it did not damage the glomerular basement membrane played no role in the repair, time, once the Hormones are used improperly, can only lead to more protein leakage, his condition more serious. If starting from the Chinese medicine treatment of damaged kidney tissue repair, and then combined with hormone therapy, the effect is undoubtedly the best.

Renal function

2009-02-06T01:24:00.000-08:00

Clinical examination of renal function on the main indicators are: serum creatinine, blood urea nitrogen, ECT.
At present, the medical profession recognized by serum creatinine (basically from the diet, a high metabolism and external factors such as the impact of kidney) combined with patient's age and weight and other factors is the evaluation of glomerular function in the most accurate indicators. Blood urea nitrogen often affected by many factors, it should not use this evaluation of renal function. Such as eating high-protein food - meat, fish, eggs and so on, high fever, sepsis, gastrointestinal bleeding, etc. can increase blood urea nitrogen. It is worth noting: the normal value of serum creatinine is 43 ~ 106μmol / l, while in injury 70% ~ 75%, serum creatinine will rapidly increase. Therefore, can be used for ECT (measured creatinine clearance rate) in order to further understanding of glomerular function, its normal for the 80 ~ 120ml/min. If the measured value of 70 ~ 50ml/min, compared with mildly decreased renal function, 50 ~ 30ml/min for the moderate decline of less than 30ml/min severe decline, 10 ~ 5ml/min for advanced renal failure, 5 ~ 0ml / min, compared with end-stage renal failure. In addition, urine routine examination is the determination of the commonly used indicator of kidney disease. Negative urine, renal function does not mean that there is no damage, such as advanced renal failure, end stage renal failure, urine may appear negative, because of the extremely impaired renal function, urine filtration difficult, not to mention protein?
To sum up, check the renal function is the most accurate indicators: serum creatinine, ECT, but it should be combined with history, clinical manifestations, urine examination and renal pathological examination and so on, can make the degree of kidney lesions and their accurate judgments.

Kidney disease prevention

2009-02-05T16:25:00.000-08:00

Kidneys in the body play an important role, filtering and discharge metabolites to maintain the body of water, electrolyte and acid-base balance. Renal functional reserve has a strong, but under the influence of pathogenic factors, any part of its problems, loss of function, may lead to kidney failure, emergence of life-threatening. Unfortunately, at an early stage kidney disease occurs, the body itself does not feel there will be obvious, so when not feeling well when found, have entered late stage kidney disease.

Chronic kidney disease is not only progressive loss of renal function, and the incidence of cardiovascular disease than the high tens of times the normal crowd, but also can cause anemia, bone disease, malnutrition, sexual function decline. If chronic kidney disease prevention and treatment of early attention, it will carry out development, and ultimately the formation of uremia.

At present, people's awareness about the disease is relatively low, most patients in the health and other medical or hospital when the disease was found at this time, the renal function is already in end-stage, the need for long-term dialysis treatment or kidney transplantation, the cost of expensive . Therefore, early diagnosis, prevention can not only alleviate the suffering of patients, but also reduce the burden on society of great significance.

Increasing incidence of CKD is mainly related to people's unhealthy lifestyles lead to diabetes, hypertension, obesity and other risk factors significantly increased. And kidney disease will increase the weight of these risk factors in the process, they influence each other, forming a vicious cycle that ultimately resulted in the occurrence of cardiovascular disease or uremia, therefore, timely treatment of the primary disease of CKD patients is also particularly important.
Early detection of "silent killer" - CKD

Chronic kidney disease (CKD) patients in the event of obvious clinical symptoms before and often have experienced a long asymptomatic phase, either through the relevant checks, it is difficult to find patients with relatively early. However, many "clues" can also occur at an early stage, such as: low back pain, edema, hypertension, anemia and so on. Some people consider the long-term low back pain "is playing mahjong sitting a long time," swelling "is disturbed sleep." In fact, these already issued warnings kidneys, if taken to delay, an evasive attitude, not for medical treatment, can cause irreparable results.
Early signs of CKD:

1. Morning eyelid or facial edema, more than the afternoon faded, tired after the increase, reduce the rest. Serious edema can occur in parts of the body falls, such as dual medial ankle, both lower extremities, such as lumbosacral.

2. Urination bubble, and a long time do not disappear, often show that the urine protein excretion more.

3. Urine yellow, treatment should be immediately clear etiology.

4. High blood pressure may be headache, dizziness, vague symptoms, but some patients as a result of long-term high blood pressure, has no tolerance can not apply. There are asymptomatic alone to determine whether the elevated blood pressure is not desirable and often blood pressure measurement is necessary.

5. No clear cause of low back pain should go to the hospital to check the kidney, spine waist back muscles and so on.

6. There is no fever, sweating a lot, a large number of drinking water and other reasons, the occurrence of urine volume or steep drop, it is necessary to go to the hospital to carry out checks to confirm the existence of the corresponding kidney disease. Micturition frequency and voiding less often prompts may have urinary tract infection.

7. If young people are nocturnal increase in kidney dysfunction may be early clinical manifestations, in particular, should be attention.

Dental health recommendations

2009-02-04T18:03:00.000-08:00

Dental health recommendations

Daily brushing, dental floss, regular dental check is to keep your teeth white and gums healthy teeth to support the main points. However, to resist dental caries (tooth decay), gum disease, premature teeth and bad breath out, the diet also plays a major role. Keep your teeth and gums healthy may be able to resist the more serious diseases.
Resist caries. That dental caries is the fact that children do not; we will never go beyond the age of the teeth may be corrosion. Natural teeth as long as the existence of dental caries can occur, although a special corrosion - gingival margin of tooth decay - it's more common with age.
The main culprit for tooth decay caused by bacteria posed ban teeth. Once your teeth come into contact with food, these foods will be hidden in a tooth class devour bacteria, resulting in corrosion caused by acid, this acid can dissolve the tooth enamel to protect and damage the surrounding gums. Every time you eat, bacteria have to have a chance of acid, so the number of times you eat and what you eat is as important. And dental caries associated include:
Carbohydrates: Your mouth bacteria thrive on sugar and, since all carbohydrates are transformed into sugar, so they are the main culprit. The attention of crackers and dry fruits, they will stubbornly paste in teeth. Brushing their teeth immediately after eating, at least water mouthwash.
Chocolate: Animal and laboratory studies have found chocolate has a corrosion-resistant material, but research has revealed that the material not strong enough, can not stop the majority of the sugar contained in chocolate can cause dental caries may be. However, the chocolate on the teeth is not necessarily more harmful than other carbohydrates.
Chewing gum: chewing gum to stimulate saliva, saliva helps buffer acid and the removal of teeth affixed to the food. The sweetener xylitol gum (xylitol) can actually inhibit the formation of dental caries.
Fluoride: This mineral is known to all the teeth of a strong rival corrosion. Living in areas without fluoride in the water or drink bottled water, specifically those who should consult the dentist, should serve fluoride supplements.

To avoid gum disease. Dentists call periodontal disease, there are three of every four adult individuals of the gums and bones supporting teeth affected by disease. This, in turn, blame the plaque. Bacteria in the gums and teeth set Central cavities, causing bleeding, inflammation, infection and potential teeth out in advance. In order to contain plaque, dental floss is very important. However, the U.S. Institute of periodontal (American Academy of Periodontology) president Kenneth Buelt-mann DDS said, "more than the health of your gums can only permit them to your diet more healthy." Important nutrients include:
Vitamin C: Research indicates that dietary intake of Victoria C lower than the recommended amount (RDA), the slightly higher incidence of periodontal disease, Victoria C for the maintenance of connective tissue (connective tissue) of health, such as to maintain the location of your teeth ligament. Victoria C to prevent gingivitis gingivitis (bleeding gums), gum disease omen, particularly helpful. Victoria C and antioxidant function may be through the gingival tissues and reduce inflammation of the oxidant.
Calcium: Your gums bone supporting your teeth, keep them in place. Calcium helps maintain the bone density, it can put an end to bacteria-induced corrosion. The results indicate only the recommended dietary intake of calcium amount (RDA) was half of the possibility of gum disease is twice as much.
Vitamin D: This vitamin to enable calcium deposition into bone and dental gum, is the absolute key role. It also can help the development of healthy gums.

Gallbladder information

2009-02-03T21:26:00.000-08:00

Cause (a)
Cause
Gallbladder (general surgical) for cholecystectomy the most common malignant tumor, mainly in adenocarcinoma. Total biliary gallbladder surgery 2%, the cause is not yet very clear. But the primary gallbladder tumor incidence in the whole, the prevalence rate of lower digestive tract malignant tumors accounted for in section 5, the top of biliary tract tumors. Accompanied by 60-90% due to gallbladder gallstone, it was suggested that the long-term chronic stimulation stones and gallbladder mucosal damage may be the most important etiology. Malignant transformation of benign gallbladder is one of the reasons why the incidence of gallbladder carcinoma. The disease was particularly prevalent in middle-aged man over the age of 50, female and male ratio of 3:1.
Gallbladder carcinoma in Chinese medicine is no fixed name, the general in accordance with their main disease, belonging to jaundice,lump in the abdomen, such as the scope of diseases.
[Pathology, sub-type]
I. Etiology and Pathogenesis
(A) etiology
The cause of gallbladder cancer have no explanation, the majority of people think it is caused by a combination of factors, which may include stone mechanical stimulation, inflammation, abnormal cholesterol metabolism and bile stimulation, so that mucosal hyperplasia, degeneration, and subsequent carcinogenesis. Gallbladder gallstone patients are at the same time there are up to 75% ~ 100%, and in people suffering from cholelithiasis gallbladder accounted for 3% ~ 14%, and its incidence than acalculous higher. As to whether the impact of a chemical carcinogen, there is no sufficient evidence.
(B) The pathogenesis
Chinese medicine practitioners believe that the disease can be hot and humid exopathic, excellent internal anger, tropic factors such as fat drunk.
1. Internal gloom worry too much anger, internal injuries in liver and gallbladder, liver and gallbladder dereliction of duty, courage and Yu No, blood stasis to leave, a long time to form cancer.
2. Tropic fat fatty alcohol partial eclipse of food, regular excessive alcohol consumption, fat while thermal hysteresis sun, hot evil Yun putting into drugs, and heat-toxin attack in the gall bladder with biliary drug knot poly feast to generate cancer.
3. Exopathic evil feeling wet hot and humid inside the passenger in the gall bladder, courage depression impeded, bile fluid may not be discharged to, which can not be ruled out hot and humid, and a long time to generate cancer.
Second, sub-type
Gallbladder is divided into adenocarcinoma and squamous cell carcinoma of two types, of which the former accounted for about 71% - 90%, which is less than 10%. And adenocarcinoma is divided into the following categories:
1. Papillary adenocarcinoma
May be papillary or malignant transformation of polyps from the gallbladder intraluminal tumor growth, the impact of gallbladder emptying, tumor surface ulcers, easily cause infection. If the gallbladder neck tumor obstruction can gallbladder enlargement, gallbladder wall thinning, similar to gallbladder abscess or effusion.

Cause (b)
2. Infiltrating adenocarcinoma see more, accounting for about 70% of adenocarcinoma, gall bladder can lead to narrowing, hardening and thickening of gallbladder wall.
3. Sclerosis-type adenocarcinoma can be accompanied by biliary sclerosis, resulting in any part of the bile duct obstruction occurs.
4. Mucinous adenocarcinoma tumor soft, easy to rupture leading to gallbladder perforation.
There is no specific clinical gallbladder disease or symptoms. Anatomical location for the gallbladder from the suspension in the liver under the inner edge, and some can move freely, the gallbladder itself is flexible, so when a smaller cancer lesions, rarely have symptoms. When the symptoms started when they were already infiltrating cancer cells to nearby organs, or as a result of the merger have cholelithiasis, patients with these stones lead to discomfort, and then examination revealed abnormal lesions.
Gallbladder symptoms: general gallbladder to the more common symptoms include jaundice, abdominal pain, weight loss, reduce appetite, fever, nausea or abdominal pain and so on. Sometimes accompanied by itching skin, breath and so the transfer of other organs. In fact, to see the clinical symptoms such as jaundice, often has come to the end of the gallbladder.
That is rare in the gallbladder special symptoms, it is difficult in particular to note that in the early detection of many relatively difficult.
Specific symptoms include the following:
84% of the symptoms, because of gallbladder with gallstones, inflammation coexist, and therefore the nature of pain and acalculous cholecystitis is similar to the start for the right upper quadrant discomfort, followed by emergence of persistent pain or dull pain, sometimes accompanied by paroxysmal pain Radiation to the right shoulder.
2. The vast majority of gastrointestinal symptoms (90%) appeared indigestion, tired of greasy, belching, appetite reduction, which is due to replacement of gallbladder function, can not digest fat caused by substances.
3. Jaundice jaundice often occur late in the course of disease, accounting for 36.5 percent, more than as a result of violations of bile duct cancer tissue, causing obstruction caused by malignant. Accompanied by weight loss, fatigue, or even cachexia, skin and mucous yellow dye, with difficult to treat itching skin.
4. Febrile 25.9% of patients develop fever.
5. Right upper quadrant mass lesion developed to the late emergence of right upper quadrant or upper abdominal mass, accounting for 54.5%. First, the rapid growth of the tumor, bile duct obstruction, so that swelling of gallbladder; second is caused by violations of duodenal obstruction and obstructive symptoms at the same time; In addition to invade the liver, stomach, pancreas, etc. can also be a corresponding mass parts.
Second, signs
1. Jaundice manifested in the mucous membrane, skin yellow dye, yellow dye heavier, more obstructive, once jaundice appears, has reached a multi-lesion late.
2. Right upper quadrant mass
Right upper quadrant may be touched more smooth enlargement of the gall bladder, and surrounding tissue without adhesion, the mobile; and surrounding tissue have adhesions, they can touch on a few lumps, and sometimes touched the swelling of the liver, duodenal obstruction such as the mass.

Gallbladder cancer treatment: the treatment of gallbladder cancer include surgery, radiotherapy and chemotherapy treatment and Chinese medicine. Early advocates the adoption of a multi-surgery treatment, but the majority of clinical gallbladder seen in patients with advanced, so the current low rate of surgical excision, after excision of the efficacy is just as poor. Although biliary surgery now no small progress, but the diagnosis and treatment of gallbladder cancer has increased the level of small, therefore the key to cure gallbladder timely precise characterization of early diagnosis. And implement the correct treatment, including surgical treatment. Traditional Chinese and western medicine can improve the efficacy of gallbladder carcinoma, especially for patients with advanced gallbladder carcinoma, surgical result is not satisfactory, is not high sensitivity to chemotherapy, if the combined treatment by Chinese medicine can improve the general situation of patients and prolong survival time.
Late after surgery, can be complemented by traditional Chinese medicine treatment, through uphold, Qi, blood, spleen and stomach to reconcile the patients to restore physical fitness to some extent. Wide use of chemotherapy and traditional Chinese medicine can reduce the toxicity of chemotherapy drugs to enhance immune capacity, so that the patients tolerated the treatment, while the sum of therapeutic efficacy. When radiotherapy with Chinese medicine, can reduce radiation damage, and promote the restoration of normal function of the body, enhance physical fitness, improve the curative effect.

Kidney maintenance

2009-02-01T00:27:00.000-08:00

Kidney maintenance

Kidney is the body metabolism, eliminate waste, the vital organs of detoxification.

Systemic blood 20 times per hour through the kidneys, blood metabolic waste filters through the kidneys into urine, eliminated from the body.

Renal dysfunction can cause back pain, edema, blood in uremia, high blood pressure, inflammation of the urethra, fatigue, insomnia, tinnitus, hair loss, blurred vision, slow reaction, depression, fear, and even delirium.

Any access to health drinks, food, air and emotional stress of the toxin produced by the kidneys will have been, if too many pollutants, resulting in kidney burden, short-term may be blocked in inflammation of the phenomenon, while long-term calculus, functional decline, unclean blood and other illnesses, the most serious cases to rely on artificial dialysis to remove blood contamination, or else there will be life-threatening.

Attention to health care, to avoid damage to the kidneys is on the best policy. Caused by kidney disorders under the main reasons:

1. To eat too much high protein animal food, have too much uric acid, so that working excessive kidney.

2. Overwork, too much pressure, there is no adequate leisure.

3. Taking Western medicine, such as anti-inflammatory painkillers, antibiotics and so on.

4. Environmental pollution: water, soil, air, noise.

5. Drink alcohol, coffee, soft drinks, cold drinks too much.

6. Damp cold weather.

7. Drinking enough.

To protect the kidney more than is necessary to reduce the harm, drinking plenty of water, eat / drink category berries - such as strawberries, cranberries (cranberry Cranberries), blueberry, raspberry (raspberry), watermelon.

concept of gold

2009-01-31T05:53:00.000-08:00

Kim, also known as gold, chemical element symbols for Au, with a shiny yellow metal. Gold has excellent physical properties, chemical properties and stability, a high level of scalability, and other scarce and the number of features, not only for the special reserve and investment currency, jewelry and at the same time, electronics, modern telecommunications, aviation and space industry Critical material. In the 1970s, before the world currency, is still present in the international reserves in place, at the same time a property with money, goods and financial attributes of the special attributes of goods.

The use of gold: the country's currency reserves, the personal assets of the investment and hedge against inflation tool to beautify the lives of special materials, industrial, medical care in the area of raw materials. Gold derivatives. With the gradual collection of mature, the gold market is expected to gradually introduce long-term gold, gold and even gold futures and options.

U.S. gold market has two main aspects, one dollar is the international gold market price of the currency and thus a negative correlation with the gold. Assuming no changes in the value of their gold, the dollar fell, gold price Showed up on. Another aspect of the gold dollar-denominated assets as an alternative investment vehicles. In fact, in 2005 a few years before, the gold price rising, is a major factor in the dollar's sharp decline for three consecutive years.

The development of human society from a global point of view, the 19th century is a very important century. In the 19th century for thousands of years before in the history of mankind produced a total of less than 10,000 tons of gold, such as the 18th century, only 100 of the 200 tons of gold production. To the 19th century, gold production has leapt to a new level, during the 100 years of gold production reached 11,500 tons, is 57.5 times that of the 18th century, 1850-1900 years on the production of 10,000 tons.

Of the 20th century, generally speaking, the world's gold production overall upward trend appeared several times increase in production. In 1900 the world's annual gold output of 300 tons, the highest in the early years of the 20th century to achieve a yearly output of 700 tons, the maximum age of 30 years to reach an annual output of 1300 tons, the highest output during the 60 years of production close to 1,500 tons, the World Gold Council 80's annual Breakthrough 2000 Tons in the 1990s so far is still the overall output growth. Since the 1990s, the world's gold production is relatively stable, since 21 of the world production of gold at an average of about 2600 tons.

At present, although some of the country's gold production has increased, such as Australia, Peru, Indonesia gold production increased, however, South Africa, the United States and other gold-producing countries of the gold production is declining. In addition, the gold mining industry due to the long investment cycle, the high cost of mining. From the historical data, the number of global mineral deposit can not be rapid growth. As a result, we believe that in the next few years the world's gold production will not change much, is still relatively stable.

function of the gallbladder

2009-01-30T00:16:00.000-08:00

function of the gallbladder

Cholecystectomy in the body is an important digestive organs, it is not only storage, concentration, excretion (systolic) function; also regulate the liver and outside pressure on the important role of bile duct; There is still an important role in secretion and immunity.
First, the gallbladder bile storage functions:
A hungry man (that is, during the non-digested), bile is stored in the gallbladder, when digested, when necessary, and then discharged from the gallbladder, so the gallbladder is called "bile warehouse." At the same time, played the role of a buffer biliary pressure. Liver daily 800-1000ml of bile secretion, the majority of gallbladder after enrichment is stored in the gallbladder.
Second, the enrichment of gallbladder bile functions:
Golden yellow alkaline liver bile most water and electrolyte absorption by the gallbladder mucosa to return to the blood, leaving the active ingredient in bile stored in the gallbladder becomes brown or dark-green was weak of gallbladder bile.
Third, the gallbladder bile excretion functions:
Bile discharged by the humoral factors and the nervous system regulation, 3 ~ 5min after eating, cholecystokinin (cholecystokinkin) content increased, cholecystokinin gallbladder contraction and relaxation known as the lower end of common bile duct and sphincter oddi the role of cholecystokinin can be generated 2.94Kpa The internal pressure to row to duodenal bile to help digestion and absorption of fat, in the discharge of bile at the same time, will also be biliary bacteria excreted together with bile. Generally speaking, the consumption of fat for half an hour, gallbladder emptying can. However, cholecystitis or sphincter oddi dysfunction, the bile from obstacles, cholestasis, solid components of precipitation, polyps or stones to become one of the main causes.
Fourth, the secretion function of the gallbladder:
Gallbladder mucosa of about 20ml per hour mucus secretion of substances, mainly mucin can protect and lubrication bile from the gallbladder mucosa dissolves easily through the bile and cystic duct. Cystic duct obstruction, bile bilirubin is absorbed, gallbladder mucosa increased mucus secretion, gallbladder accumulated liquid was colorless, transparent, saying "white bile." Accumulation of "white bile," said the gallbladder gallbladder water. When the existence of gallbladder inflammation and obstruction, the gallbladder can also secrete calcium.
Fifth, the gallbladder bile duct pressure in regulating the role of:
Another important function of the gallbladder is the regulation of bile duct pressure balance, when the daily intrahepatic bile 800-1000cc continuing into the gallbladder and extrahepatic bile duct, and maintain a certain pressure, when the gallbladder is an important factor in regulating . The pressure inside and outside the duct in the liver when the gallbladder can accommodate higher and more concentrated bile duct to maintain the pressure balance normal. When the gallbladder was removed, the pressure balance the role of regulation disappear, but the liver secrete bile will not be reduced, but all must be approved by the daily bile Oddi's openings into the duodenum cavity, when the side openings are narrow and excretion poor. Long long time on the inevitable expansion of compensatory bile duct lesions. Expansion of the common bile duct often beak-shaped terminal into shape, this time in seeking to discharge the flow of bile into a vortex, showing, which is an important theory of the formation of gallstone one eddy current theory. This phenomenon can easily form a common bile duct stones. Clinical practice has proved this point. People in the reception of acute obstructive jaundice patients often see a history of cholecystectomy. Peking University First Hospital 795 cases of common bile duct stone cases (confirmed by ERCP and EPT), gallbladder removal cases was significantly higher than that of gallbladder removal group (425:370) with a clear statistical significance. Therefore, after Cholecystectomy often occurred choledochal compensatory expansion and higher incidence of common bile duct stones.
Similarly, as a result of the gallbladder with biliary-conditioning the important role of internal pressure, loss of gallbladder organ patients, bile duct pressure loss of balance, the pressure increases, Oddi sphincter lost regular gallbladder pressure regulator, the occurrence of adjustment disorder, formed Cholecystectomy syndrome.

structure of the gallbladder

2009-01-28T00:13:00.000-08:00

structure of the gallbladder

Liver bile secretion of those who will be transported to the duodenum of the bile ducts structure. Generally include intrahepatic bile duct and extrahepatic biliary tract in two parts. Intrahepatic bile duct are timid tubes, intercalated tubes, inter-lobular bile duct and the left and right hepatic duct; Extrahepatic Biliary including hepatic duct, cystic duct, common bile duct and gallbladder.

If the biliary tract as a progressive pooling of the Department, by the small size of the "river", the source is located in numerous intrahepatic ductular, they integrate a number of liver edge of intercalated tube, pipe and then gradually by the leap between the bile duct lobular synthesis by They gradually formed the main stream of the two that left, right hepatic duct, the hilar of the liver, the synthesis of a liver mains, downlink, and an acute angle with the synthesis of common bile duct cystic duct. Choledochal ligament in the liver with portal vein in the right side down and eventually realizing descending duodenum, openings in the duodenal papilla and bile into the duodenum on the cavity. Gallbladder by the cystic duct connectivity, and storage and regulation of bile plays a role.

kidney infomation

2009-01-27T00:12:00.000-08:00

kidney infomation

For the lentils paired kidney-shaped organ located on both sides of retroperitoneal spine in glenoid. About 10-12 cm wide, 5-6 cm, 3-4 cm thick and weighing 120-150 grams; left slightly larger than the right kidney, kidney longitudinal inward top, bottom out, so very far apart on two kidney close, the next most distant, kidney into a vertical axis with the spine angle by 30 degrees.
Renal (kidney) for the pair of substantive organs, reddish-brown, can be divided into, the outer edge of the two, before and after the two sides and the upper and lower ends of. Kidney carina lateral border, medial margin of the central depression, said kidney door, is the pelvis, blood vessels, nerves, lymphatic vessels access to the portal. These access doors kidney structure, was the connective tissue parcels, collectively known as renal pedicle. Au by the kidney to the intrarenal door, there is a large cavity, called renal sinus. Renal sinus surrounded by the renal parenchyma, sinus containing renal artery, renal vein, lymphatic vessels, kidney small lamp, kidney large lamp, and adipose tissue, such as renal pelvis.
Kidney inner edge of a central depression, known as renal door. Renal blood vessels, lymphatics, nerves and ureter are resulting in and out, this part of the structure of renal pedicle collectively.
Renal outer edge for the convex, concave edge for, concave central renal door, all the blood vessels, nerves, and lymphatic vessels which have entered the kidneys, renal pelvis is a result out of things. The former renal vein, artery center, renal pelvis in the post; if the whole of the renal artery in the vein next.

The location of kidney
Kidney Position: Right doors for the second lumbar transverse process, the left side for the first lumbar transverse process, right kidney because of the liver is slightly lower than 1-2 cm in the left kidney. Normal kidneys were moved up and down the scope of 1-2 centimeters. Kidney in the diaphragm, the medical examination, except under the extreme right kidney in the lower edge of palpable ribs, the left kidney was not easy to touch.
Kidney is located on both sides of the spine, keep abdominal wall, ranking behind the peritoneum. Left top-ping the lower edge of the 11th thoracic vertebrae, the bottom of the lower edge of lumbar level 2. Right vertebral body than the left half. The left side of No. 12 had left rib ramp behind the central section 12 of the right oblique rib-off the back of the upper right kidney.
Clinically often erect spinal muscular lateral border between the ribs with article 12 of the site, known as the kidney area (ridge rib Kok), when the kidney disease, the touch-pressure or knock the area, often Zhen pain or tenderness.

Kidney structure

2009-01-26T00:10:00.000-08:00

The internal structure of the kidney can be divided into the renal parenchyma and pelvis in two parts.
Longitudinal section in the kidney can be seen both inside and outside the two-tier sub-renal parenchyma: outer cortex, inner medulla.
Renal cortex was reddish-brown when fresh. By the glomerulus and tubule, some of which extend to the medulla cortex between Cone and became kidney-chu.
Medullary pink when fresh, in order to constitute 10-20 with Cone. In the section on renal Cone triangular in shape. Convex cone at the bottom of the kidney, and advanced to the renal door, Cone main organizations for the collection tubes, Cone said sophisticated renal papilla, each have a 10-20 nipple nipple tube, to the renal calyceal infundibular openings.
In the renal sinus have a kidney for a small lamp for the funnel-shaped tubular membrane around the renal papilla. Kidney and renal calyceal vertebrae connected. Each kidney 7 ~ 8 renal calyceal, adjacent to 2 ~ 3 renal calyceal renal synthesis of a large lamp. Each kidney 2 ~ 3 renal large lamp, kidney large lamp synthetic flat funnel-shaped pelvis. Meng kidney after a kidney doors thinning has been shrinking, shifting behavior ureter.
Renal basic composition and functional units, called nephron.
Each nephron body by the kidney and renal tubular components.
Kidney capillaries there is a small intimate groups, called the glomerulus, which is the formation of renal artery branch. Outside the renal glomerular capsule enveloping. Renal capsule divided into two levels, between two layers of cysts and renal tubular lumen connected.
Huicheng tubular collecting duct. Synthesis of a number of collecting duct pipe nipple, urine flows resulting renal lamp.

Gastric function

2009-01-25T00:08:00.000-08:00

Have a strong stomach to digest function, depends on the stomach of hydrochloric acid, pepsin and mucus. Hydrochloric acid is a highly corrosive acid, food entering the stomach, hydrochloric acid would kill the bacteria in food. The higher concentration of hydrochloric acid in the stomach, a full metal zinc can be melted away. Pepsin break down food proteins. Food parcels up mucus can not only play the role of lubrication and protect the gastric mucosa, it is not caused by mechanical damage to food. Stomach of hydrochloric acid, pepsin and mucus together almost all the food digestion.

Since the capacity of the stomach to digest so strong, why can not digest their own? The problem is made more than 100 years ago, and we have not reached a satisfactory answer. Some scientists believe: we can not stomach to digest their own because of gastric mucosa or memory, a special material that is resistant to hydrochloric acid and pepsin role. Scientists believe that: First of all, after the stomach wall in the secretion of hydrochloric acid, hydrochloric acid by the mucosal surface of epithelial cells of the block, it will not turn the clock back, stomach wall, there will be no corrosion. The event of the destruction of epithelial cells, mucous membrane secrete mucus of hydrochloric acid have some cushion, but also to prevent the adhesion of the hydrochloric acid in gastric mucosal surface into the internal. Gastric also "lost single security car skills", which allows epithelial cells have been conducting metabolic update to prevent pepsin adsorbed on the mucous membrane, to protect the stomach wall purposes. In addition, the mucus in the sugar protein, some a lot of sugar, large molecular weight, which can inhibit the activity of pepsin.

Secondly, human gastric mucosal cells, every minute off about 500,000, three days could be updated, so strong regeneration ability of digestive juice of the stomach wall caused by injury to make up for the time being.

Therefore, in political parties under the conditions of the stomach can not digest themselves. If gastric hyperacidity generated, or an empty stomach medicine, injury stomach wall, stomach started to digest their own, there will be diseases such as gastric ulcer.

Kidney function

2009-01-24T00:08:00.000-08:00

When the blood flows through the glomerulus, in addition to blood cells and hemoglobin larger than the molecular weight protein, all substances with the water filter to renal intracavitary, known as the original urine. After the original urinary tubules, the various types of material has been selectively re-absorbed back to the blood, the rest of the formation of urine. In which the body of useful material, such as all the re-absorption of glucose, water, sodium, potassium, chlorine, and most other re-absorption; of the body useless or harmful substances, such as urea, uric acid, phosphate and so only a small amount of re-absorption, muscle anhydride does not absorb all. In addition to reabsorption, the tubular and collecting duct was also the function of secretion and excretion, such as ammonia in urine, the vast majority of renal tubular and collecting duct by the secretion, although it is a day and night from the glomerular filtration of the original urine total volume up to 100 ~ 200 liters; but the daily urine output is only 1 to 2 liters, and its composition and plasma are very different.

Stomach morphology

2009-01-23T00:05:00.000-08:00

Stomach morphology

Generally located in the upper left abdominal stomach and esophagus connectivity, can be divided into the cardia, fundus, gastric body, several parts of the antrum and pylorus. Mallory is at the entrance to the stomach, that is, the stomach and esophagus junction, in the stomach and esophagus junction There dentate line, plays the role of sphincter to prevent stomach contents to reflux, pyloric stomach exports that is, connecting the stomach and duodenum, the pylorus on gastric emptying the contents and the prevention of duodenal contents reflux to a certain extent, the general chronic gastritis occurred here in the pylorus, or else, pylorus pylori often parasitic here, stomach cardia is located at the bottom of the left side of the uplift is more than part of the cardia, gastric body is the largest part of the stomach cavity, ranging between cardia and pylorus.
There are four general stomach wall, that is, mucosa, submucosa, muscularis, serosa layer. Direct contact with the Food and mucous layer, the human gastric mucosal surface with a layer of thickness 0.25 - 0.5 millimeters of mucus layer, the surface of gastric epithelial cells also secrete bicarbonate, a combination of both the formation of the double protective barrier, once the balance is damage the disease will occur.
The physiological functions of the stomach:
1, to accept functions: food by mouth, esophagus and into the stomach, if the gastric cardia dysfunction, food may be difficult to smooth entry into the stomach.
2, storage functions: the stomach is a highly Relaxant organs. When we eat food into the stomach, then the expansion of the stomach wall in order to adapt to accommodate the needs of food, and this is the storage function of the stomach. Moreover, the stomach wall also has a good compliance, so that intragastric pressure and intra-abdominal pressure is equally divided, when the stomach capacity to 1500 milliliters, the stomach cavity pressure and gastric wall tension increased only slightly, At that time felt the basic "eat" the.
3, secretion function: gastric juice is different from gastric secretion of digestive cells, the main ingredients parietal cell secretion of digestive juice, the main ingredients of hydrochloric acid secretion of parietal cells; master cells secreted pepsinogen; mucosal surface mucous cells , mucous neck cells and cardiac glands, pyloric glands and fundic gland cells of the mucous secretion of mucus, as well as the inner cell wall and other factors.
4, digestive function: In the gastric secretion of gastric acid and pepsinogen common under the food can break down the initial digestion of proteins, but also kill bacteria in food, such as micro-organisms.
5, transport and emptying function: Once inside the stomach of food can stimulate gastric motility, started in the upper gastric body, and gradually to the pyloric peristalsis. Gastric motility so full of mixed food and juice to form a semi-liquid food chyme. Chyme into the antrum, the antral emptying starting role, will chyme into the duodenum, thus completed the last of the work of the stomach.

Gold and platinum

2009-01-22T19:44:00.000-08:00

Gold refers to a chemical element, symbol Au, Gold element atomic number 79, yellow red, soft; platinum two explanations: 1. Is platinum, a silver-white precious metal element, chemically stable for corrosion resistance chemical equipment, as well as jewelry and so on. Commonly known as "platinum" [platinum] - element symbol Pt (in China in ancient Chinese, "Platinum" refers to silver). 2. The market's so-called K Platinum, Platinum, in fact, it is a gold, nickel, copper, zinc alloy. Or gold and silver, or gold, silver and copper alloy. Also include Taiwan's master often used in alloys and palladium. Its code-named WG (White Gold), which is the meaning of the white gold. Early 226 (K 6-cheng, palladium 2-cheng, copper 2 percent) to represent 600/1000 containing pure white gold, which is commonly known as "there are material", which refers to the gold-bearing silver-white metal, rather than non-payment of nickel alloy (nickle alloy) plating persons. General foreign stamp used; WG585 (14K), WG750 (18K) or only figures represent the gold content.
White gold has a good reflex, it is not easy to lose luster, platinum and palladium in the future large-scale use of before, white gold is mainly used for embedded stones inlaid silver-white metal jewelry.
Pt (platinum)
Also known as pure platinum, is platinum or platinum true. However, these titles are unreasonable, and easily confused with the white gold. Its symbol is Pt, silver gray, the proportion of 21.35, melting point 1700 ℃, Mohs hardness of 4 - 4.5 degrees, chemical stability, in addition to aqua regia acid corrosion from the outside.
Comparison of pure platinum soft, adding ruthenium, rhodium, palladium and other metals will increase its hardness. South American Indians as early as the 15th century on the production of platinum jewelry, the Europeans until after the mid-19th century began to use, currently Japan's largest consumer of platinum.

Gold mine

2009-01-22T00:03:00.000-08:00

Gold mine is the 80's Hainan Province, the newly discovered and proven reserves of minerals. Apart from outside the region have basalt NORTHERN HAINAN ISLAND gold distribution, with the east, Changjiang, Baisha, Danzhou and Dingan metallogenic conditions, such as cities and counties, and a good prospect, wide. Such as: Changjiang territories outside the mountain area, the East is not grinding, dimethoxy, Hung Fu Ling doors, etc. have mine.

Gold mine is characterized by shallow buried, high-grade general a few grams per ton to a few grams, a few hundred grams per tonne of ore bodies (commonly known as Mine package) are not uncommon. Easy to adopt the election easily, with hand-finished product selection to get gold. A total of proved reserves of about 25 tons, the current reserves to maintain the most optimistic estimates of proved reserves of approximately 1 / 3. Gold status of the development are:

Although the mineralization, a very good prospect, but a low degree of geological survey and found that one, and tap one, can not be identified by the working procedures of the entire mining area (body), which is also in Hainan have not yet found one of the reasons why large-scale gold mining. Has nine mining exploration, no one reached the degree of exploration work.

Have been found in deposits (points), have gone through the exploitation of predatory short-term peak has been seriously undermined the mining exploration vertical depth of 100 meters above the ore body. Although still retain deep proven reserves of low-level, but residual shallow mining area complicated dramatic increase in the cost of processing, together with the senior reserves without relying on existing state-owned mines (usually started later) in a bind.

Gold mine, the vast majority of the ore is estimated at grade level by the naked eye, most in low-grade ore and a part of the grade, although high, but not easy to identify when the ores are void stone disposable lost. Ore recovery of its industrial indicators equivalent delineation (ie, ≥ 3 grams per ton) Orebody 30%; in the small dressing cyanide leaching, the raw ore is not satisfactory, processing less than 80% recovery rate, thus, gold mining in the total recovery of 20% to 30%, and that is 70% ~ 80% of the mineral reserves were wasted and abandoned.

Hainan gold as a result of failure to form a certain scale mining, ore dressing, smelting, gold products were lost. Countries collected gold products and the various taxes accounted for only short of the target should be an equal number of very small part.

Lung cancer treatment

2009-01-20T05:01:00.000-08:00

Lung cancer treatment

1. Smoking and lung cancer: from 1939 to 1963 were carried out in the world 30 times up to tens of thousands of people Retrospective studies prove that: ① smokers than non-smokers lung cancer incidence rate 20 times higher; ② absorptivity smoke and lung cancer occurred in a dose-effect relationship, that is, the more smoking, the occurrence of lung cancer is actually more; ③ after quitting smoking can reduce the incidence of lung cancer. The latest research shows that: direct smokers not only its own victimization, and smoke can cause people around the same effect caused by passive smoking; mother smoking can affect the fetus's health. Smoking can cause lung cancer is mainly due to tobacco contains tobacco tar, 3,4 - phenylalanyl pyrene, nitrosamines, such as more than 10 kinds of harmful carcinogens.

2. Occupation and lung cancer: certain types of industrial production and mining workers a higher rate of incidence of lung cancer, which may be due to the long-term exposure to asbestos, chromium, nickel, copper, tin, arsenic, uranium and other radioactive elements relevant.

3. Air pollution and lung cancer: epidemiological survey data indicate that the distribution of lung cancer are: industrial development, air pollution is particularly serious in less developed regions is higher than the industrial, urban residents is higher than farmers, higher than the outer suburbs. This may be with coal and oil burning out after the release of sulfur dioxide, coal tar, especially 3,4 - phenylalanyl pyrene carcinogenic and other harmful gases and the environment directly on the air contact area's largest lungs, making it a cancer-causing factors target organ.

4. Lung disease and lung cancer: lung scar or non-specific inflammation of the stimulus will enable epithelial dysplasia, and cancer. Pneumoconiosis, silicosis, asbestos lung, the combined rate of 15 percent of lung cancer, tuberculosis with lung cancer up to 2% -4%.

5. In addition, the human internal factors, such as low immune function, metabolism disorders, genetic factors, such as lung cancer have a certain relationship.

Lung cancer treatment methods are mainly surgical, radiation therapy and drug therapy and the comprehensive application of three methods. Major surgery and radiotherapy for lung and bronchus local lesions, while the role of drug therapy in general. In recent years immunotherapy has entered the clinical application, but is still in the exploratory stage. Choice of treatment should be a concrete analysis of the patient's general condition, lung lesion site, size, scope, pathological type, duration, and sooner or later, whether the cancer has spread and how to prevent the transfer of control of metastasis and recurrence may occur and so on, to develop the best possible treatment program. The scope of the disease in order to determine a uniform standard, easy to speculate the prognosis and comparison of different treatment effect, the World Health Organization and many countries, cancer organizations, in accordance with primary lung cancer lesion site, size and lymph node and distant metastases developed clinical standard.

Types of stocks

2009-01-15T07:11:00.000-08:00

The types of stocks
Divided according to the rights of shareholders:
Common stock - have the right to vote, depending on the company's efficiency gains.
For example: are Shanghai, Shenzhen-listed shares are ordinary shares.
Preferred stock - pre-determined dividend, capital preservation security interest, not listed in circulation.
For example: 1988.7.15 JinBei 16.5 percent stock dividend; Tianlong dividend 25 percent.
Mixed Unit - the enjoyment of common stock and preferred stock interests, not only to the conversion of preference shares, but also to the transformation of ordinary shares.

Divided by the main shareholders. State-owned shares - the company set up by the state-owned assets into shares of the amount. Legal person shares - by enterprises, social organizations, legal person shares in the amount of the subscription. Individual stocks - by the community of individuals (including employee shares to subscribe for shares in the amount)
By trading places sub: A shares - with the yuan-denominated domestic natural subscription shares. B shares - with the yuan-denominated, foreign currency transactions subscription, only natural persons overseas stock sale. H shares - with the yuan-denominated, listed on overseas exchanges for trading stocks. For example: Stock Exchange of Hong Kong-listed Guangzhou Shipyard, Shanghai Petrochemical, Beijing, man-machine.
SSE shares Category: General category of commercial-type industrial category four main categories of public sideline.

According to the stock holders can be divided into State-owned shares, legal person shares, individual shares of three. Three in the rights and obligations is basically the same. Different points in the national stock investment funds from the State, non-transferable; legal person shares of investment funds from enterprises and institutions, must be approved by the People's Bank of China for approval before the transfer; individual stock investment funds from individuals, are free to market circulation.

According to the rights of shareholders can be divided into common stock, preferred stock and two hybrid variety. Ordinary shares in the proceeds entirely dependent on how much corporate profits and therefore more risky, but given the priority of warrants, the surplus distribution, participation in the vote, the free transfer of stock rights. Preference shares have priority to receive dividends and priority access to liquidity and other priority rights, but pre-determined dividend is good, not change the number of corporate profits, the general did not vote and the right to vote, and the company have the right to the necessary time to recover. Preferred also is divided into priority and non-participation to participate in priority, accumulating and non-accumulation of convertible and non-transferable, recyclable and non-recovery categories.

Shares at nominal face value of the form can be divided into there, no denomination and there are secret, secret four. There are denominated in shares with a nominal face value of the mark, upon listing, its denominations often do not have much practical significance; no denomination shares marked only its proportion of total flows. China's listed stocks are denominations. Bearer shares will be credited to shareholders the names of the shareholders of specialized settings registration, must apply for transfer of ownership transfer procedures; bearer shares are not credited to the name of registration, no transfer of ownership after the sale.

Silver types

2009-01-14T06:52:00.000-08:00

Silver mainly in silver ore and silver ore, crude silver and silver products.

(1) silver ore
Silver content in the natural world is very low, in the earth's crust for the average levels of 1 × 10-5%, according to the earth's crust and the distribution of elements is still trace elements, only gold is about the average high of 20 ~ 30 times. Silver resources as an independent silver and associated silver. Silver mineral mainly existed in the form of sulfides. Silver's industrial minerals are mainly natural silver, argentite, sulfur copper silver, antimony, silver, silver and other brittle. Although a lot of silver in industrial minerals, but they are rarely integrated separate rich silver deposit, usually based on decentralized state distribution in a multi-metal ore, copper and gold mine in. More than half of silver production from polymetallic ore comprehensive recycling.
Analytical Chemistry in the determination of all the methods have been applied to the determination of silver, including the weight of law, titration, spectrophotometry, fluorescence, chemical dynamics law, with the advantages of atomic absorption spectrometry is most prominent. Atomic Absorption Spectrometry silver sensitive, accurate, rapid, convenient, less interference, and so in the determination of silver ore has been widely applied.

(2) Silver Concentrate
Silver concentrate for non-ferrous industrial production in the process of intermediate products to determine the grade of silver and related elements of silver concentrate supply and demand sides of trade and production in the identification process plays an important role. Determination of silver in addition to the main elements, there are gold, copper, arsenic, bismuth, lead, zinc, sulfur, aluminum and magnesium.
At present, silver and gold Determination, mainly the most classic fire assay gravimetric method is generally a second trial gold recovery; copper determination of high levels of use of iodometry, low content of the use of atomic absorption spectrometry ; lead and zinc measured high levels of use of EDTA Titration, low content, while the use of atomic absorption spectrometry; arsenic determination using potassium bromate titration, low content using atomic fluorescence spectrometry; sulfur content determination, using barium sulfate weight of law and the burning and law; bismuth Determination, mainly atomic fluorescence spectrometry; aluminum determination, there Spectrophotometry and EDTA Titration; magnesium determination, the general use of atomic absorption spectrometry. With the scientific and technological progress and development, advanced analysis and test tools and methods have been applied to the determination of silver ore analysis, such as ICP-AES, ICP-MS and XRF methods. These test methods also apply to silver and silver rough test.

(3) rough silver
Rough silver mainly refers to silver content of 30% ~ 99.9% of the mine silver and silver products, as well as the primary smelting silver recovery. Because of rough silver contained in the broader, leading to the diversity of product variety and complexity. In addition to those components of silver rough comparison a single uniform and known quality silver recovery products can be directly used, the rest of the usually need refining, strong integration of the corresponding value before the use of metal elements.
Rough silver in silver mining and smelting of primary silver, silver recovery in this major component of the three ingredients with a considerable degree of complexity, in addition to co-exist with a variety of precious metals silver components, but also contains a lot of recovery value of the metal, non-metallic compound material. In addition, because of its quality big-span is also both extracts silver, silver currency, and so on, all kinds of relatively low quality silver mining and industrial intermediate products.

(4) Silver
Silver refers to a variety of raw materials to produce silver and silver content of 99.90% ~ 99.99% silver. The main application of silver in photographic, chemical reagents, chemical materials, medicine, electronics industry, decoration, jewelry and silver products and other industries, manufacturing and souvenirs in the currency production industry also account for no small share.

Symptoms of liver cancer

2009-01-12T04:39:00.000-08:00

Liver cancer is one of China's high mortality of common malignant tumors in cancer mortality priority second only to the stomach, esophagus live in third place in most parts of rural areas accounted for the second place, after gastric cancer. China die each year from liver cancer accounts for about 11 million people worldwide died of liver cancer 45 percent. As a result of relying on the serum alpha-fetoprotein (AFP) detection combined with ultrasound imaging for monitoring high-risk groups, so that at a sub-clinical stage of liver cancer and a diagnosis can be long-term effect of early excision is particularly notable. In addition, the integrated treatment of active, has a five-year survival rate of liver cancer would have been significantly improved

Liver cancer symptoms of liver pain is the most sluggish wasting characteristic clinical symptoms
1 liver pain: The most common persistent intermittent dull pain or pain from cancer to enable the rapid growth of liver tumor capsule diaphragm tension caused by radiation to the right shoulder pain may or right back right after the tumor growth can lead to back pain suddenly in a severe abdominal pain and peritoneal irritation sign prompt cancer nodules subcapsular hemorrhage or abdominal rupture
2 gastrointestinal symptoms: appetite decreased dyspepsia such as nausea and vomiting and diarrhea because of the lack of sex-specific and easily overlooked
3 weak debilitating systemic wasting a small number of patients to be late was cachexia-like
4 Fever: generally low heat up even more than 39 ℃ or afternoon sustained low heat or high fever fever Chi Zhang-type tumor necrosis and a product of oppression or absorption-related violations of bile duct cancer can be complicated by biliary tract infection

Causes of human pain

2009-01-10T06:29:00.000-08:00

If you often feel headache, stomach pain, back pain, but can not find what the reason, it is likely to be caused by the body of water shortage. Wisconsin State Medical University, Professor Wilson, in a recent study pointed out that chronic dehydration may bring certain human health hazards.

Many people think that, as long as the thirst after the timely pay, the body will not let the lack of water, this way of thinking is wrong. Studies have shown that a weight of 70 kilograms on average per hour for the loss of moisture, about 2 percent body weight for strenuous exercise, this figure may be even greater. When a person's body fluids decreased as well as affecting the normal physiological function when feeling thirsty generated. In fact, when he was in a state of mild dehydration. Moreover, once the majority of people have been alleviated by the state of thirst, they will stop drinking water, but in fact he can only get a body of water required for the half.

Experts point out that as a result of thirst often falls behind the actual needs of water, causing the majority of people living in inadequate drinking water. The upper part of the body weight of 70% are stored in the water hole disc supported, so the body can lead to chronic water shortage headache, back pain, low back pain and minor systemic pain and discomfort. The study found that when a large number of drinking water, a full complement of the body of water, many people with chronic fatigue syndrome, back pain, headache, back pain, migraine, arthritis pain and other symptoms will be lighter.

From a health point of view, it is best to drink cold water and light refreshments. Cooler water in the unique bioactive substances can increase the hemoglobin to improve the body's immune function, drunk can reduce lactic acid accumulation in muscle, it is not easy fatigue. Carbonated drinks and strong tea will lead to the loss of body water; long-term drinking of purified water will lead to acid-base imbalance in the body; and mineral water for the human body can not guarantee the provision of comprehensive, balanced minerals.

Kidney stone treatment

2009-01-09T04:46:00.000-08:00

Kidney stones (Renal calculus) is a kidney disease in one common species. The purpose of the treatment of kidney stones, not only to lift the pain for patients and, more importantly, the protection of renal function. Therefore, to seek the lifting of kidney stones can cause, but also to prevent the recurrence of gallstone treatment is the wish of many patients with kidney stones.

At present, the kidney stone treatment mainly Western, two types of Chinese medicine. Well, these two types of treatment for the treatment of results so far? Now, on this issue, we analyzed one by one:

Western medicine treatment of kidney stones:

Western medicine treatments include etiology treatment, extracorporeal shock wave lithotripsy, intracavity stones, litholytic treatment, surgical treatment, supplemented by general treatment, Chinese medicine treatment and comprehensive measures, such as Prey therapy.

Western medicine therapy on patients in terms of general kidney stones may be able to resolve some problems. But in a serious condition, especially for patients with stone physique, Western medicine is only used only a surgical therapy.

Recently, the hospital received a mine in Jiangxi Province, a kidney stone patients with consultation as follows:

"Seven or eight years ago, back pain, after the hospital for an examination of serious renal stones, in the doctor's advice, in order to alleviate the pain, in 1996 in a local hospital for the purposes of the left ureter lithotomy, preoperative kidney water. Recent relapse, after the hospital for an examination, diagnosis results showed that: the left kidney right kidney only 1 / 3, and a serious decline, renal function severely damaged; occasional urinary protein and renal B-there are many bright spots, there is a light right kidney points, glomerular filtration rate to 2,89 left kidney, right kidney was 62,5. "

This is a disease in patients with kidney stones stones physique, but also a result of the use of surgical basic loss of renal function in a typical case. At present, he has emerged, "the left kidney B-There are many bright points, right kidney has a bright point" of the situation, if it continues to receive surgical treatment, the result can only be completely left kidney necrosis, and, over time, the right kidney will repeat the mistakes of the left kidney.

Causes of liver pain

2009-01-08T01:07:00.000-08:00

Liver pain generally refers to the right hypochondrium pain, many of hepatobiliary system diseases and adjacent tissues and organs can cause lesions pain here to viral hepatitis, cholecystitis, and fatty liver are more common cause. Fatty liver disease, the patients sometimes feel pain right upper quadrant or liver, and some also have back pain or dull pain, but most patients the pain is very minimal. Some patients are not often not diagnosed before the pain, when doctors diagnosed after he was a fatty liver are liver pain, such pain and mental factors are certainly related. The causes of liver pain may be due to hepatomegaly, liver capsule over-done, to stimulate the liver was caused by sensory nerve membrane. A very small number of cases of fatty liver disease can be serious liver pain, accompanied by anti, fever, peripheral blood white blood cell count increased, similar to acute abdomen and exploratory surgery. Intraoperative capsular tension see liver, liver ligament was traction, hepatomegaly yellow, see under the microscope numerous fatty cyst rupture with inflammation.

Liver pain liver pain refers to the right side of the spontaneous pain hypochondrium. China's high incidence of hepatitis, hepatitis for the acute phase and recovery phase can occur liver knock pain symptoms and signs of pain. However, the surrounding liver tissues adjacent to a lot of pain who have liver is not necessarily the hepatitis, should act in various ways to find the reasons.
(1) writing fixed position, can have a partial pressure intercostal muscle pain; recent intestinal infection can cause chest pain epidemic; recent contact with young people chickenpox sudden liver pain should pay attention to the occurrence of herpes zoster.
(2) pleural lesions and organizations will have liver pain symptoms.
(3) in liver and gallbladder diseases, especially liver, bile duct cancer and cholelithiasis, etc. can cause more strongly paroxysmal pain liver.
(4), subphrenic abscess, right kidney abscess and pancreatic cancer patients have similar pain right hypochondrium performance.
Liver pain liver pain and not just think of hepatitis, should be based on the specific circumstances to consult a doctor for further examination, to exclude other disorders.
Liver pain if your liver function in the proportion of white globulin within normal range, it should not be cirrhosis.

1. Hepatitis and hepatitis recovery: had hepatitis, inflammation of the liver caused as a result of hepatomegaly, the liver capsule by the inflammation of the nerve stimulation, or stretch, causing liver pain; hepatitis recovery could also be because of swelling of the liver retraction, traction liver capsule on nerve and liver feel pain or discomfort.

2. Fatty Liver: the liver was due to infiltration of adipose tissue, liver enlargement, causing liver discomfort or pain.

3. Exertion: the liver is the body's chemical processing plant to provide energy, tiredness, the inadequate supply of energy the body can occur liver pain or discomfort liver.

4. With gallbladder disease: the gallbladder is located in the lower part of the liver, gallbladder with liver disease often mistakenly believe that pain or discomfort liver.

5. Intercostal neuralgia: Some people often feel the liver area or intercostal, this is not liver pain, is intercostal neuralgia.

Early symptoms of gastric cancer

2009-01-06T22:16:00.000-08:00

Early gastric cancer by endoscopy found that in Japan the highest rate of early gastric cancer detection for more than 50%, China's Gastroscopy detection rate was only 15 ~ 20% of gastric cancer should be promoted Gastroscopy census. If so Gastroscopy census, the further development of early gastric cancer has become advanced, when the often poor appetite, food tasteless and a sense of satiety, anemia, abdominal pain does not apply mainly to dull pain, weight loss, and general weakness.

Cancer can occur when the door dysphagia, antral pyloric obstruction can cause cancer and nausea, vomiting. Carcinoma bleeding ulcer may cause melena or hematemesis. Polypoid gastric cancer, the tumor to the stomach cavity growth, but the incidence of gastric ulcers, may showed single or multiple, marginal uplift, the more common. Such as gastric cancer metastasis to the lung or pleural effusion may have a cough and difficulty breathing. Transferred to the liver and peritoneum may produce ascites. When severe and persistent upper abdominal pain and radiation to the shoulder department, Chang said the tumor has penetrated through the pancreas.

The main signs of gastric cancer have abdominal mass, tenderness from time to time, when the gastric cardia is not easy touch, distant lymph node metastasis may be in the left medial supraclavicular quality touch hard nodules, can not be moved. Some patients with gastric cancer, often associated with cancer syndrome, such as recurrent thrombotic phlebitis, acanthosis nigricans, skin folds are pigmented, such as dermatomyositis. But others are first with precancerous cancer syndrome, should be more alert and enhance the capacity of self-examination.

Unexplained weight loss, fatigue, is also a set of common and the lack of specificity of the gastric signal, and was sexually increasing. Some are secondary in the dyspeptic symptoms, the patients in the stomach after eating, belching automatically restricted diet, resulting in weight loss and weight loss, weakness. In addition, nausea, vomiting may also be further loss of nutrients, causing malnutrition, fatigue symptoms increase the weight loss. Of course, advanced gastric cancer of the late wasting even more obvious weakness.

In addition, in particular is worth mentioning that the overwhelming majority of the pathology of gastric cancer occurred in chronic gastritis (especially atrophic gastritis), Helicobacter pylori (HP) infection, residual gastritis, gastric polyp, gastric ulcer, etc. on the basis, So some patients have chronic long-term history, there are upper abdominal discomfort, indigestion and other symptoms. On this basis, such as the near-term pain, such as epigastric full nature or extent of change has increased food-related pain rhythm changes, or medication can not be alleviated, or weak, such as weight loss, then more must be on guard against gastric cancer the occurrence of, and attention to the hospital to check with the doctor's treatment, and pay attention to gastric cancer diet.

Gold teeth and gold mining

2009-01-05T21:25:00.000-08:00

Gold teeth and gold mining areas in low-mountain topography areas, mainly for the shale rock and silty mudstone, tectonic faults in NW mainly mining hydrogeological simple good nature of the works. Mining area, the road into the mining and industrial construction, the construction of the mine tailing dam construction may trigger or exacerbate geological disasters, should be carried out corresponding prevention and control work, while mine drainage and wastewater treatment; to strengthen the mine management.

In order to arsenic gold gold process and provide a theoretical basis, Guangxi gold ore gold process mineralogy studies carried out. Mine is a typical complex arsenic refractory gold ore containing Au to 6.28 g / t, containing Ag to 1.37 g / t.As mass fraction of 0.58%, S mass fraction of 3.10%, C mass fraction of 1.76%, of which organic carbon mass fraction of 0.21%. gold concentrate containing Au for 52.61 g / t, containing Ag to 6.00 g / t.As mass fraction of 11.32%, S mass fraction of 29.32%, C mass fraction of 0.35 percent. The main metallic ore minerals arsenopyrite, pyrite, Secondly well galena, sphalerite and chalcopyrite and so on. containing gold mineral mainly arsenopyrite, pyrite; Gold Occurrence patterns for the second micro-payment; ore divided into harmful arsenic, carbon and clay minerals . arsenic mineral is arsenopyrite, realgar, orpiment forms. ore characteristics of fine granular structure for the structure and micro-disseminated structure

Element silver - All about element silver information

2009-01-04T21:46:00.000-08:00

Element silver, Element silver picture and silver element information. These resources will help you learn all you need to know about element silver.

Elements: Silver
Element symbols: Ag
Elements of the English name: Silver
Latin original name: Argentum
He is a Chinese metal radicals, together with Gen-shaped sound.
Types of elements: metal elements
In the periodic table of categories, vice belonging to Ⅰ group elements
Atomic number: 47
The relative atomic mass: 107.868
Atomic volume: (cubic centimeters / mole) 10.3
Color and status: silver-white metal
Mo's hardness: 2.5
In which the voice transmission rate: (m / S) 2680

Physical properties
Density: 10.53 g / cm 3 (20 ℃)
Melting Point: 961.93 ℃
Boiling Point: 2213 ℃
Hot melt: 11.30 kJ / mole
Heat of vaporization: 250.580 kJ / mole
Reflectivity: 91%

Silver is a beautiful silver-white metal, it has a very good ductility, its electrical conductivity and heat transfer in all of the metal are the highest.
For example, if the mercury to the electrical conductivity of 1, the electrical conductivity of copper for 57, while the conductivity of silver for 59, top the list. As a result, the Bank used to make the sensitive components of physical equipment, a variety of automated devices, rockets, submarines, computers, communications systems, as well as nuclear installations, all the equipment in a large number of contact points are produced by the Bank. During the use of each point of contact to work millions of times, must wear performance and reliability, can withstand the rigorous demands of work, the Bank can meet the requirements. If the addition of rare earth elements in silver, and even more excellent performance. This increases the production of rare earth elements of the silver contacts, life can be extended several times.
Uses elements:
System for the alloy, welding medicine, silver, silver, chemical equipment, and for the system by the end of silver and silver coins, and so on.
Silver is the most important compounds of silver nitrate. On the medical front, aqueous solution of silver nitrate used as eye drops, because the silver ion to kill bacteria strongly.
General price of 70 yuan / kg, the purity of 999. See light silver nitrate or other organic matter decomposition on the silver. If silver is a very small particles on the black Cheng Hui. The compound used to manufacture silver or other silver compounds, compounds AgBr (silver bromide) is the main component of the film camera, the compounds AgI (silver iodide) into a powder cast into the clouds, you can play artificial rainfall.

Silver jewelry and silver has a good reflectivity, can be polished to achieve high brightness, jewelry and home decoration in a very wide range of uses.
Silver as a silver-based system has been legal tender in the country, the prevalence of 1:00. However, with the monetary system reform, monetary credit generation, silver gradually pulled out of circulation. At present, the casting is the main investment in silver and silver commemorative coins.

Dermatitis treatment

2009-01-04T04:52:00.001-08:00

Their pathological cause dermatitis can be divided into neurodermatitis, seborrheic dermatitis, atopic dermatitis, contact dermatitis, solar dermatitis, dermatitis, and other hormone-dependent type, in the treatment of dermatitis, Should be taken to avoid the following five major taboos:

1, Ji Saozhuasaozhua make skin had been the victim of mechanical stimulation and thickening, and even cause infection. Saozhua also beginning to strengthen the role of the patient, the more the more itch to scratch, itch, the more the more efforts, a vicious cycle, which results in longer course of disease.

2, free hot water to wash dermatitis, eczema in the acute phase, due to the skin with telangiectasia, there will be varying degrees of skin irritation, papules, blisters. Wash with hot water or hot water, add red and swollen, fluid infiltration increased, increasing the disease. As a result, dermatitis, eczema patients to use the shower with warm water, soak in hot water in the guard and forced Cuoca.

3, in particular anti-alkaline soap to wash a big soap, skin is a kind of chemical stimulation, can dermatitis, eczema increase. For decontamination with soap, it is best to choose a small irritation of boric acid soap.

4, anti-irritant pepper food, wine, strong tea, coffee, and so stimulate the food, increase the itching can easily add or recurrent eczema should be taboo.

5, blind anti-drug dermatitis, eczema, a longer course of disease, easily repeated, in patients with a doctor to patient treatment. Some people eager to treatment without a doctor in the diagnosis and treatment of lesions Department Tu high concentration of drug itching; but add to the disease. As a result, doctors must guard against.

Spring is the high incidence of allergy season, especially access to the baby floating in the air of pollen and spores of bacteria such as allergens, the skin immediately to the "color", such as the emergence of swelling, itching, such as atopic dermatitis, and other anomalies.

Let the baby be allergic skin damage, the most important thing is to stay away from allergens. Parents should note that in outdoor activities, as little as possible so that your baby's skin exposed to the surface of the skin to avoid exposure to substances such as pollen.

In addition, the quality of children with allergies in the diet also pay special attention to balanced nutrition, eat some fruit, vegetables, eat fish and shrimp, beef and mutton and oily, sweet and irritating food. Eat vitamin-rich food can enhance the body immunity. Vitamin C is a natural anti-histamine agent, the daily food intake should be.

Winter disease care

2009-01-01T06:15:00.000-08:00

Medical experts tell us: cold winter weather, trachea, to varying degrees of vascular spasm, the human body to reduce oxygen, and heart disease, asthma, bronchitis and so on the patient's limited ability to regulate the body, leading to more hypoxia, caused by diseases. Meteorology through medical research has found that 77% of patients with myocardial infarction, 54% of patients with coronary artery disease on the high sensitivity of changes in weather and seasonal changes as the emergence of disease recurrence. Bronchitis, asthma and so on the incidence of patients have a very strong seasonal. Therefore, the winter has become particularly important in health care, and in addition to an additional clothing, regular life, middle-aged and old friends should also pay attention to what?

"Power center" signals
Difficulty in breathing, heart palpitation and the patients of the first performance of one of the most important is the heart of the body and blood oxygen capacity caused by a weakening performance. It is well known that the human heart is the "pump" is a full-body blood circulation center of power, when the disease occurred in the human body pump, it directly affects the whole body of blood and oxygen supply, the patients feel chest tightness, breathlessness.

Atherosclerosis must be resisted?
Cerebral arteriosclerosis in the arteries of the body took place on the basis of the diffuse cerebral artery atherosclerosis, the narrowing of the blood vessel lumen, the small arteries so that blood supply to the brain to reduce the oxygen supply. Dysfunction of brain cells, first of all caused by a series of hypoxia-related symptoms. Such as: dizziness headache, lack of concentration, emotional instability. At this point in time, if not to change the brain's oxygen supply situation will further develop the disease, cerebral vascular accident, cerebral arteriosclerosis dementia, Parkinson's disease such as SARS has seriously affected the quality of life for the elderly. The supply of oxygen and scientific treatment of cerebral arteriosclerosis is an important part.

High blood fat, how to do that?
The so-called hyperlipidemia, when the plasma cholesterol or triglycerides above the normal limit, known as hypercholesterolemia, or high triglycerides hyperlipidemia. When both high, known as hyperlipidemia. Hyperlipidemia due to the development of the whole body can lead to organ of the arteries, which led to the types of diseases such as coronary heart disease, cerebrovascular disease (cerebral thrombosis, stroke, etc.), renal failure, and so on, and fast development of the disease, As a result, such an important organ of the function tests should be conducted regularly to prevent major organ dysfunction. When found elevated blood lipids, in addition to reducing animal fat intake, Oxygenating also be able to effectively enhance the function of organs for the protection of major organ damage from hyperlipidemia, the disease has delayed the important role that can not be ignored.

Old people, sleep on the reduction of it?
With age, middle-aged and elderly sleep> Time is running short and shallow sleep, wake after sleep is not easy, many people thought it was a natural phenomenon of age. It does not know that this is actually a manifestation of aging is a disorder of the biological clock is not normal. In the elderly because they can not guarantee a good sleep, often resulting fatigue, headache, dizziness, nausea, shortness of breath and puzzling symptoms such as palpitations, a long time, the disease will take advantage of live, work, study and will also be Impact. Especially in the winter, many of the disease occurred in the peak season, if not guarantee a good sleep on the impact of even middle-aged and older adults, the brain has a biological clock, the body responsible for the sleep of the elderly in the organ gradually aging, oxygen uptake Lack of brain function, the function of the biological clock has weakened, there insomnia, neurasthenia, and so many dreams phenomenon. The fresh oxygen, for the promotion of the functions of the brain, the biological clock to restore and improve sleep, have an important role.

Oxygenating the new scientific concept
Oxygenating science has become the world's health upsurge. Science has Oxygenating oxygen within and outside the hours of oxygen. Walking outside, including oxygen, the aerobic exercise such as jogging, with oxygen from the physical to raise the blood to carry oxygen to the ability to enhance the utilization of the organs of oxygen. Precordial pain is hypoxic ischemic heart itself outside of a performance, and when severe myocardial hypoxia, not only will feel the pain intensified, at the same time arrhythmia, myocardial infarction, heart failure, and other serious consequences. In winter, as temperatures drop in air pressure and the increased capillary contraction, blood viscosity change, in this case, the impact of the human body's oxygen supply, for high blood pressure, heart disease and other diseases of the circulatory system in patients with very unfavorable. The timely change of blood oxygen carrying capacity, changes in myocardial oxygen supply situation, can effectively alleviate the winter weather of a heart attack brought about adverse effects on people, greatly reducing the incidence of heart attack risk. Middle-aged and old patients with chronic bronchitis with a single layer of protection; in the elderly because of immune function decline, chronic bronchitis has become common in the elderly, particularly in autumn and winter, or even worse long-term recurrent. Time hypoxia for a long time, in elderly patients with chronic bronchitis can also lead to some complications, such as chronic pulmonary emphysema and pulmonary heart disease, lung infection Deng Zheng, further aggravating the phenomenon of hypoxia. Old friends, it is worth reminding that does not mean Oxygenating oxygen, the oxygen in a short period of time to change the patient's blood oxygen concentration, but the effect did not last, at the same time, oxygen absorption for a long time, but also suppress the patient's respiratory function .

Use of gold

2008-12-31T08:06:00.000-08:00

Gold for industrial technology, only a few decades, with modern industry, agriculture and aerospace electronics industry, as well as information technology, new energy, new materials, the rapid development of applications for gold opened up a wide range of areas. Boyle in "The geochemistry of gold deposits and" monographs, said in 1950 after the "King of the industrial era."
(A) payment in the electronic industry
As the gold with excellent stability, good thermal conductivity properties, it enables the electronics industry in the increasingly widespread use. Aerospace technology, require a high degree of stability in the radio more and more electronic components, such as high vacuum tubes of paint, special-purpose electrical connectors, special precision electronic instruments used in drawing wire, gold plating of high temperature and high-frequency conductor Gold alloy welding. In computers, radios, television sets, tape recorders used in areas such as integrated circuits, such as Mr Kim. It is reported that in 1987 the world demand for the electronics industry 123t, the total demand of 7.7 percent.
(B) payment in the chemical industry
In the chemical industry also has a unique purpose, such as the nuclear material used in chemical plants, factory-type man-made fiber spinning top used in alloys.
(C) gold in the aerospace industry
In the aerospace industry, the purpose of development and also to develop into. Aircraft and other means of transport with room for the gold-plated devices and infrared heat reflector, such as jet engines and rocket engines with Kim Tu heat shield or cover heat shield, as well as aircraft, cars, ships, and other means of transport coated with thin layer of gold fever Glass block, and so on.
(D) The application of traditional industries in the
Inlaid teeth, pens and camera and other traditional industries, the application of gold still has a certain consumption. Gold in the application of science and technology, is in constant development. Japan Atomic Energy Research Institute, a University of Hong-Liang Qiu three crystal accumulation of cash, may constitute a superconducting thin film. With the development of science and technology, the applications of gold will continue to expand.
Since the human exploitation of gold since 1986 to date, a total world gold mining 107,700 t. Most of these gold in various forms exist in the world. It is estimated that 40% of which is based on a variety of gold jewelry, currency preserved; 40% of the gold stored in the form of various countries in the treasury; 20% of the loss of industry and consumed. The estimated amount of privately owned gold (including gold bars, gold coins and jewelry, etc.) with the number of official gold reserves as much.

Definition of health

2008-12-29T17:59:00.000-08:00

Health is a factor in the development of human existence, it belongs to the individual and society. In the past people generally felt that "health is not the disease, ill health is not." With the development of science and the change of time, the modern concept of health told us that health is no longer merely refers to the able-bodied, disease-free or weak, with the exception of the health of the body itself, but also need to have a good mental state. Spiritual, mental state and behavior of themselves and others even have a social impact, deeper view of health should also include psychological, and social behavior of the normal code of ethics, as well as environmental factors perfect. It can be said that the meaning of health is diverse, very broad. Health is the eternal subject.

First, the definition of health

(A) the definition of the World Health Organization on health

With regard to the World Health Organization definition of health: "Health is a physical, mental state of perfection, as well as good adaptability, not just the absence of disease and debilitating condition." This is the meaning of people's physical and mental health In other words, a person in physical health, mental health, good social and moral health of all four sound is completely healthy. Some of these areas of health, made the following explanation.

Physical health: generally refers to the physical health of the human body.

Mental Health: There are three characteristics:

First, have the psychological health of the people, is full of personality, sense of self is good. Sentiment is stable and positive consumer sentiment more than emotional level, better self control, to maintain psychological balance. There are self-esteem, self-love, self-confidence and self-knowledge.

Second, a person in their own environment, full of a sense of security, and can maintain normal relations can be welcome and other information.

Thirdly, the health of people living in the future with clear goals, practical, continuous progress, ideals and the pursuit of the cause.

Adapt to the social good: refers to a person's mental activity and behavior, was able to adapt to the complex changes in the environment, in order to understand other people, accepted by all.

Moral health: The most important thing is not to harm the interests of others to meet their own needs, the authenticity of Bianbie, good and evil, honor, beauty, and so the concept of right and wrong, according to the criteria of social norms that bound their disposal, can Make contributions to human well-being.

(B) of China's Mu Junwu scholars put forward by the definition of health

China's Mu Junwu scholars put forward the definition of health: "In time, space, physical, mental and behavioral aspects as far as possible to achieve well-being." He explained as follows:

The concept of time: refers to individuals or at different stages of social development can not be the same health standards. Health can not be seen as something static, should be interpreted as changing the concept. In his view, "the World Health Organization's definition of the health of the individual or society, whether past or future, whether there is a 'physical, mental and social well-all in the' short-term status is questionable. It just is not and can not live Way. "New concept of health stressed the importance of the concept of health that is the relativity.

The concept of space: different regions, different countries have different concepts of health and health standards. This does not mean that there is no available for people to follow the concept of health. Should be divided into zones, different countries, as far as possible to achieve their well-being. People's health care needs of least developed countries in the developed countries and different. As health educators, should be room for the development of health behavior. Health, not by subjective or objective things to decide. Some of tuberculosis, no symptoms, and chest X-ray found tuberculosis changed; some of the mentally ill, I am not aware of the illness, but he found that people around the sick; there are many patients that the patients themselves unhealthy, and many inspection Is not unusual. At present, none of these criteria to distinguish. We may try to physical, mental, behavioral, and other point of view, the performance of the subjective and objective signs combine to explore the concept of health. Physical, mental concept easier to understand. , Is a person in the social life of responsibility and obligation to give taken by the dynamic and motivation. For social behavior, everyone is bound by the acts of others. Health is the concept of the individual.

Gold teeth lost color

2008-12-27T23:51:00.000-08:00

Porcelain teeth can be really beautiful because of their teeth with "comparable" and a lot of people have been recognized, but let Miss Liao fail to figure out who her gold content as high as 86% of the "gold alloy" porcelain teeth, but need a magnifying glass under the To see the gold.

Patients: precious metals into gold alloy

July 16, Xi'an Miss Liao spent 9600 yuan per cent in Xian Ke-ping of the tooth 6 gold alloy porcelain teeth can be less than 10 days, a gold alloy porcelain teeth on the cracking occurred. She had to come after this tooth was surprised by the hospital medical records in the state of the gold content of 86% gold alloy porcelain tooth color made pollution, not gold.

Miss Liao teeth with the dental hospital has done a lot of identification, the results that this type of porcelain tooth less than 86% of the gold content. Identification of doctors said that as a result of solid titanium and precious metals are unique, in general hospital patients each will be given a quality assurance card, bearing the date of production, batch number, model, users, as well as porcelain tooth casting components, metal varieties , Content such as detailed records.

Miss Liao with a "Fourth Military Medical University School of Medicine oral denture processing center card to prove the quality of dentures," said: "Had the hospital (a hundred-dental) in the medical records indicate is the 'gold alloy porcelain teeth (86% gold content)', However, I have to prove that the card issued by the porcelain teeth are replaced by the name of 'precious metals'. Baiping person responsible for the dental, hospital, in their' precious' is the 'gold alloy,' As for the other two hospitals how to call Guan Bule them! "

Miss Liao said angrily: "there are problems, head of the hospital I was looking for producers."

Hospital: Patients looking for is disputed by the manufacturers

Dental president of the Xi'an-hundred-hundred cattle to the reporter explained that the hospital was based on Miss Liao's request for payment of custom-made porcelain dental alloys. As proposed by Miss Liao porcelain teeth have gold may be the shortage of components, a hundred-cow that is teeth in the mouth of the Fourth Military Medical University School of Medicine's custom-made denture processing center, Miss Liao is disputed by the need to go denture processing Rather than their Center Hospital.

For medical and dental porcelain on the card to prove the name of the inconsistency, he explained, "precious metals" is the "gold alloy." The Fourth Military Medical University School of Medicine mouth of a denture processing center staff said that "precious metals" is the "gold alloy", Baiping really Dental Center in the precious metals have been custom porcelain teeth. The number of gold, a hundred-Dental know that they are responsible for processing.

Expert: 80% of the gold ultra-visible to the naked eye

Aug. 5 pm, the Second People's Hospital in Xi'an, vice president of the Qiaokai, first of all with professional polish grinding machine Miss Liao provided by the gold alloy porcelain teeth, and then observed under a magnifying glass, said after the porcelain with gold teeth inside, However, the number of the gold sector that needs the authority.

"Precious" is the "gold alloy", he said, "The Alloy" only "precious" in a while can not be equated with the "precious" and "precious" a total of 8 kinds of elements, including silver, ruthenium , Palladium and so on. According to the gold he had met a porcelain dental alloys, gold content in more than 80%, basically with the naked eye can see.

High blood pressure treatment

2008-12-27T06:56:00.000-08:00

Salt intake and hypertension significantly related to high salt intake areas, the incidence of high blood pressure, limit salt intake can improve the symptoms of high blood pressure. Inuit light, fresh, salt 4g / d, less suffering from hypertension; Japanese residents in the northern part of salt 26g / d, an incidence rate of 40%. Renal hypertension may be due to the impact of the deterioration of sodium, reduced sodium intake may improve symptoms. Sodium retention caused by extracellular fluid, increased cardiac output, blood pressure rose. Hypertension of the deceased, the artery wall of water and sodium increased significantly. Toxemia of pregnancy if the open-sodium condition is deteriorating rapidly, to improve the symptoms of low-salt diet, to lower blood pressure, all that sodium is a disease caused by high blood pressure a major factor.

Obese than normal incidence of hypertension were significantly higher body weight, the majority of clinical patients with high blood pressure are overweight or obese. The restrictions on energy intake, so that the weight loss, blood pressure will be reduced to a certain extent.

Diet therapy to control the amount of heat and salt, lower fat and cholesterol intake, weight control, prevent or correct obesity, diuretic row sodium, blood volume regulation to protect the heart, brain, kidney and blood vessel function. Use low-fat low-cholesterol, low sodium and high in vitamins, protein and the amount of heat energy diet.

In the standard weight for weight control, obesity should go on a diet to lose weight, weight loss 1 ~ 1.5kg per week is appropriate. Each additional weight 12.5kg, systolic blood pressure can be increased 1.3kPa (10mmHg), diastolic blood pressure increased 0.9kPa (7mmHg); that weight gain, high blood pressure treatment greatly disadvantaged.

Reduce fat, limit cholesterol; fat supply 40-50g / d, in addition to coconut oil, soybean oil, vegetable oil, peanut oil, sesame oil, corn oil, safflower oil, and other vegetable oils contain more vitamin E and linoleic acid on the prevention of blood vessel rupture A certain role. At the same time, suffering from hyperlipidemia and coronary heart disease, should limit the intake of animal fats. If the long-term consumption of high cholesterol food such as animal offal, brains, egg, meat, shellfish, fish, squid, such as animal fats, which can cause Hyperlipoproteinemia, to lipid and hypertension increase, the cholesterol diet should be 300-400mg / d.

About gold teeth

2008-12-26T01:04:00.000-08:00

Gold, worth about one gram of more than 100 yuan, is very precious things, gold will have a very jealously preserved. The teeth were really, a weight of about 2-3 grams, if it lost an average of 2000 yuan to take a fitted with a denture, from the economy, the real value of gold teeth and even ten times the Several times. However, the loss of real teeth, not just spend money to make up for the best.

The most important thing is fitted with real teeth and dentures, and the feeling from the convenience of the difference between a great extent: do not eat incense and the sound bites are not allowed to speak, is not sensitive to (feeling not see the difference between meat and vegetables), no Taste, there is a foreign body sensation in the mouth, the fish can not spit out the thorn, not eating watermelon seed spitting, chewing meat such as rubber. If immediate action, like the blind men feeling an elephant, not how comes to people's mind.

Must mention is that people lose teeth, face and jaw deformation will look old to 5 to 10 years old, but, psychologically there will be "obsolete" melancholy, feel old, lose their self-confidence, there is a The sad thing of the past years.

In fact, as soon as possible as long as the care and attention to teeth, periodontal disease treatment, proper methods on a regular basis, to keep their teeth really is not difficult. If you like dental care for life, like love, and your teeth can be accompanied to the old, accompanied by his life.

Stimulate their own potential to overcome periodontal disease

"Teeth out" of periodontal disease is the culprit, over time, the destruction of periodontal tissue, reduce shrinkage of gums, teeth exposed, the foundation of instability caused by loose teeth until the shaking off.

Chinese medicine for stress that this treatment, the overall treatment, by mobilizing and stimulating the body's inner potential and self-healing force to combat the disease. And the body's disease-resistant and self-healing power and potential of "kidney" closely related "kidney deficiency" made reduced ability to fight periodontal disease, leading to persistent refractory periodontal disease, recurrent.

Chinese medicine sense of "kidney" does not only refer to the kidney, but covers a variety of physiological functions of the system, such as the promotion of body growth, development, reproduction, as well as to adjust the body's metabolism (including bone metabolism), immunization and physical vigor. "Deficiency" will lead to bone metabolism and immune function decline, and the gum (alveolar bone) bone metabolism in the human body is very active part of the immune defense is the weak link. When people appear bone loss, the first in the gums, like the lack of running water, the first top-level building like water, leading to destruction of alveolar bone atrophy, immune Pokui line of defense, germ-free, then there will be shaken loose teeth .

Chinese medicine using modern scientific methods of Gu Chi kidney, the kidney through the channels on the role of bone marrow, inducing bone marrow stem cells to replenish gum (alveolar bone), bone repair and reconstruction, consolidation of the immune defense, and defeat the bacterial infection, Elimination of periodontal disease, create a new basis of the gums, teeth so long in prison, strong teeth.

Re-balance accounts about the economy, tooth extraction equipment to spend thousands of dollars (and at their own expense), and Gu Chi is the price of less than one-tenth of the former, and to keep the real teeth to keep the tasting, the province Qian, a pain-free and therefore, Gu Chi is a wise choice.

If you have lost several teeth, do not be discouraged, not too late to remedy the situation, as long as the active treatment, the remaining teeth will really spared no efforts to accompany the old.

Kidney want high standards

Gu Chi kidney of the scientific method, rather than dried fish and Ze, burning of forests and hunting and short-term, but focus on the life of the fundamental long-term plan, which is different from the general impotence, and so on the surface of vitality measures.

Bone marrow is the body's blood and immune central hub for human life is a source of vitality, bone marrow, is rich in stem cells (a very strong vitality of the cells back-up) is against human disease, trauma repair, replacement of aging cells in reserve.

About kidney care

2008-12-25T05:43:00.000-08:00

A person is physically healthy, and kidney-related strong or weak. When winter arrives, the human need to have enough energy to heat and Yu Shou, weak if true, would be due to "lack of firepower," appeared dizziness, palpitation, shortness of breath, fatigued Yao Xi, fatigue, urine incontinence, or urinary symptoms such as closed This is a kidney-yang deficiency. There is also the body fluid in the body due to the loss less moisture, such as Ruyang diminish the role of clinical performance for the body weight, stunted Yao Xi, tinnitus and vertigo, Kouzaoyangan, zygomaticus red hot flashes, sweating, short yellow urine, and so on, as this Kidney-yin deficiency.

There are many ways to correct the false. If more sun, more high-calorie food warming and recuperating the Kidney-Yang of food, clothing election kidney drugs, and so on. However, "life is movement," the health of the basic theory, movement through the correct virtual Yang Shen, is the promotion of positive measures. Here, several readers to contribute to the correct virtual Yang Shen also is easy to learn the methods of movement.

Massage waist-speaking

There are two approaches.

One or two hands to twist on the hot hands, were put to the waist, the palm of your hand to the skin, massage the waist down, to have a sense of heat so far. Sooner or later it could all, about 200 times per second. This movement can kidney Qi.

Second, make a fist hands, arms the next two metacarpal joint of the thumb of the prominent location, natural massage Yao Yan, rotating ring inside to do massage, gradually forced, as well as a sense of Suanzhang, continuing a 10-minute massage or so.

Kidney back to the House, often do massage Yao Yan, prevention and treatment of the elderly as a result of the patient due to the slower muscle strain, back pain Dengzheng. Jiaoxin massage

Chinese medicine believes that by the kidneys through Yongquan Xue, Stephen Jiaoxin foot hole is Zhuoqi decline. Yongquan Xue regular massage, kidney Yijing, physical health, prevent premature aging and Shugan eyesight, to promote sleep, the patient caused by dizziness, insomnia, tinnitus, hemoptysis, stuffy nose, headache, and so have some effect . Jiaoxin massage is: Paojiao a day bed with warm water and then rubbed his hands with each other after the heat, left heart cardiac massage his right foot, left foot right-handed heart massage heart, every time over the next 100 to appropriate feet Cuore . This law has to Reduce Pathogenic Fire Qiangshen Yin and the effect on middle-aged and elderly patients Xure common good effect.

Aerobics Qiangshen

1. Sit, legs separated from nature, and shoulder width, elbow flexion lateral move his hands, fingers extended, with ears flat. Then, both hands move on to the Department of Liang Lei feeling to be affected, followed by rehabilitation. Can be done in a row 3-5 times again for a day, as appropriate, can be done 3-5 times. Action to do before the appropriate body to relax. Hands on the move when breathing, recovery when expiratory, and the force not be too big, too. Such activities can move bones, accessible channels at the same time so that the gas hypogastric attributed to the elderly, the weak, those who have shortness of breath ease the effects. 2. Sitting, put his left elbow on his legs, elbow right arm, palm up, so parabolic moves 3-5 times. Parabolic moves to do, hand over to the left, can move a little faster, throw at the hands of inspiration, recovery when expiratory. This action and the role of the first actions the same.

3. Sit, legs down naturally before slowly turning around the body 3-5 times. Then, his legs swinging forward more than 10 times, according to personal physical, as appropriate, increase or decrease. Action to do when the whole body relax, to move natural ease, turning the body, the body must maintain integrity, should not be pitching. This action can be Yaoxi activities, Yishen back strong, regular practice of this action, waist and knee to exercise, renal useful.

Stomach health

2008-12-24T04:23:00.000-08:00

Stomach health

1, from the start on the rest of life, at least three times a day from time to time to be quantitative, it is best to set a timetable, and then strictly adhered to. At the same time, this will have an impact on sleep, as some of the Wanshui early evening are a Chinese food habits that have to be changed, not to say that can make up for supper in the evening over, as people move around the clock can , But always within a certain scope, can not create too big a difference. Should there be any doubts, you can check related to the human body clock.

2, in general, a bad stomach digestive function, symptoms will be a little bit of bread to eat, eat a little bit Wei Zhang will be, especially at night, eat, but also because of the stomach and the impact of stagflation sleep. The hard, good things fiber digestion. Shaochiduocan therefore recommended that, if not yet the time dinner, you can add some food, but not too much, we must keep in mind that this is not a dinner, in accordance with normal meals or eat. Food and soft, loose-based, some toughness, refreshing things should not eat because they are the most difficult things to digest. The best drink soup before eating, after dinner drink will also increase the difficulty to digest. Go to sleep before 23 hours are best not to eat, or sleep easily affected, if they feel empty stomach can drink plenty of water.

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3, the stomach should quit smoking, alcohol, coffee, strong tea, and carbonated beverages (soft drinks), hot and sour food, such as irritation, these are the most of the Shang Wei. The stomach temperament hi Wuhan dry, cold drinks and ice-cream and therefore also have to quit, for good food to heat, which no one is a test, especially the summer season. There are two drink beverages should be, first, milk, and the other is hot water. Milk can form a protective layer of the stomach every morning to get up after the first drink a glass of milk, eat, the better it is. Drink plenty of water, especially hot water because in most cases, lack of water will be mistaken for hunger.

4, soy milk, though good, but cold, not a substitute for milk.

5, Yangwei can be steamed bread, try as a staple food.

6, other types of fruits and vegetables of the human body is not lack of food, should be sufficient. However, the best that eat soft-boiled, so that the stomach is good about them. Peel the vegetables and more fiber, you can eat moderately, but not too much should not be digestible, and thus eat more fruits can be relative.

7, there are people gastropathy should not exercise after a meal, the best break, such as the stomach to digest food more or less a re-start work, walk or run, but also for better digestion, short, the meal should not work.

8, non-acute cases, do not take medicine to promote, as a long-term medication has side effects, and the stomach is a chronic disease can not be cured in a short period of time. If necessary, to see the promotion of Chinese medicine, Chinese medicine for the good of Yangwei particularly effective.

9, papaya temperament suited to the stomach, as can be Yangwei food, but for the more acid, not to use too much. Moreover, we must keep in mind that stomach-hi dry Wuhan, in addition to ice things other than cold foods like green bean and so on are also not eat.

10, once again, is a chronic stomach trouble, can not be cured in a short period of time. Good medical treatment is on the "support" no quick fix but only through the improvement of life gained. We all need a good stomach, these habits are essential to change.

Kidney health

2008-12-22T19:54:00.000-08:00

A variety of chronic kidney disease can renal damage, leading to kidney failure, it is a process of development. In the course of development, if they can pay attention to the following, could delay the receipt of renal failure.

Where the incidence of the original treatment in a timely manner can cause kidney organic changes in local or systemic diseases, diseases and ultimately can lead to chronic renal failure. It is reported that the cause of chronic renal failure is the most common chronic glomerulonephritis, accounting for about 65%. Timely and accurate diagnosis and treatment of chronic glomerulonephritis, and other primary disease is prevention and treatment of chronic renal failure key element of chronic renal failure caused by the original incidence of treatment to ease a turn for the better, kidney function is expected to improve.

Not to be ignored in preventing colds and flu is a systemic disease, decreased immune function can often secondary infection. It is reported that as a result of a cold by nearly 40% of the symptoms of chronic nephritis increase, and chronic nephritis with chronic renal failure is the first primary of the disease. Therefore, in our daily lives should be attached great importance to the prevention of influenza.

Re not do any work to rest studies have shown that after the exertion of people (including non-section of life caused by fatigue), a product of increased metabolism in the body to increase the workload of the kidney, kidney patients are negative, can aggravate their condition. So do any work, avoid over exertion to rest a favorable recovery of kidney function.

Do not some arbitrary use of drugs (including some traditional Chinese medicine) toxic to the kidneys, and patients with chronic renal failure, kidney and part of the case is drug-related toxicity. Therefore, the patient can not arbitrarily take anti-inflammatory, analgesic, such as a class of antibiotic gentamicin, potassium, mercury and medicines of traditional Chinese medicine Xanthium son, Tripterygium, Kusnezoffii too cold, such as overheated Chinese medicine.

Adjust the nutritional diet to help patients with chronic kidney disease is generally associated with malnutrition, which in the diet should be adjusted to eggs, milk, lean meat, fresh vegetables, such as better food, and avoid eating "a matter" of food, such as Dog meat, shrimp, crab and so on, at the same time, anti-tobacco prohibition.

Share knowledge

2008-12-22T01:31:00.001-08:00

First of all you have to design a profitable model. Zuo Gupiao and do any business, do what the best time to do what, specifically how to do this every step of the way, this is prior to good. To specific stocks, including the following:

A, stock, for you to build a stock pond;

B, the election, to choose the best time to intervene;

C, a detailed operation plan;

D, how the stock market was stable compound.

Stock, you have to build a suitable investment style of the stock pool. You can not keep track of all the shares. You have to read through each company's annual report, the Center Daily News, quarterly and other public information, choose the good of the stock is expected to insist on their track, at an appropriate time to take action. If you are concerned about the day 30-40 stocks, your workload will be relatively small, more concentrated effort, the chances of success of the operation will be greatly increased.

Stock from the following aspects:

A, first quarter earnings per share if there is substantial growth. Growth is a permanent theme of the stock market, share prices rose the most important is the driving force. Note: 1, to eliminate the non-operating income; 2, the study could have sustainable growth; 3, whether or not growth in earnings growth as sales support; 4, whether the growth rate is slowing down, if so, its share price may fall . Over the past four years in the big bear market, Shenzhen has great Niugu 000039,000022,000792,000538,000869,000625,000717,002025,002024,000987,000063, the results are in a row, a substantial growth in stocks.

B, the annual earnings per share growth for many years the performance of the steady growth of 30-50% of the company is most likely to become the Niugu. Of course, their income must be supported by fundamentals rather than to non-recurrent income from. Misunderstanding: The low-earnings ratio is not necessarily a value of the investment, the current steel-earnings ratio is very low stocks, but do not have a significant upward price momentum. Growth performance of the stock price is expected to increase the driving force.

C, the listing of new products, new production capacity, the new changes, new management, may bring good investment opportunities, industry concerns and changes in the public stocks, which often is on.

D, Liu Tongpan size. Under the same conditions, and set up small stocks may be larger. 2003-2004, the market-year, the stock market had an outstanding performance, but the good performance of the performance of small-cap stocks or more, such as 000677,000997,000717 (steel plate in the shares of smaller), in mid-2005 rebound Market, the small-cap stocks also rose than the performance of the stock market.

E, the election has strong fundamentals support the shares, the strong Heng Jiang, the beginning of 2005, the best performance of the stock of most of the 914 market in 2004 are in the best performance of several stocks, they find that they are going up again to buy Jin, the Annual Report of the Quarterly Bulletin, or pre-sold, or change in the trend when to sell. Vulnerable stocks are weak reasons, we just do not know.

F, the Fund's strong research capabilities, the ability to capture market opportunities are also very strong, whether they are willing to buy a stock, your stock can be used as a reference. A high degree of institutional recognition, the opportunity may be higher.

Children teeth

2008-12-21T04:33:00.001-08:00

Under normal circumstances 6-year-old children from around Huanya, deciduous physiological start off, replace the permanent one after another eruption of primary teeth, 12-13 years old, for all the deciduous teeth replaced by permanent teeth. This is the child Huanya period.

Huanya children during the order are: children 6 years old or so close to the last milk teeth grow in the rear of the first permanent molars, also known as age six teeth; than under the central incisors grow at the same time, or earlier, the 6-year-old milk under Incisor off, Heng incisors grow in the next 7-8-year-old milk when it fell off on the central incisors, upper incisors grow Heng, the lateral incisor teeth detached milk under constant lateral incisor teeth grow under; 8 -- 9-year-old milk teeth on the lateral off, the lateral incisor teeth grow Heng; 9-12 years old in the first and second molars off, the first and second premolar grow; 10-12 Rujian-year-old tooth loss, sharp David Carse Grow teeth. Huanya throughout the period, the protection of children's teeth is an important period. First of all, the first eruption of the first permanent molars, that is, the age of six teeth of children and maxillofacial growth of the position, will be high, on the other tooth eruption, neatly arranged in terms of impact or not, it can protect the life-long benefit.

Secondly, attention should be paid during the Huanya correction of children a variety of bad habit. During the period of 6-7 years Huanya, children are usually prone to bad habits, such as Yao Zhijia, Yao Chun, bite tongue, Shenshe, licking teeth, and so on, can be a direct impact on the dentition irregular appearance, the development of facial asymmetry, which Left on the face of life-long regret. Although there is the eruption of permanent teeth, but the individual is not shedding of deciduous teeth, dental extraction to be. For stubborn individual, he could not correct the bad habit of early dental treatment should wear to help correct the appliance.

Third, pay attention to the prevention and treatment of breast dental caries teeth. Huanya period milk teeth susceptible to dental caries, dental caries, such as root cause disease, can affect the growth of the secondary eruption of permanent teeth, the molars have to pay attention to the age of disease treatment and prevention can not be changed sooner or later, there are deciduous, also does not work Do not have to rule misconception. Doctors advice: as far as possible should be retained deciduous teeth to permanent teeth eruption, such as the premature loss of deciduous teeth, often leading to permanent tooth eruption secondary gap caused by lack of missing dentition, and even lead to a permanent rather than buried.

Fourth, to a permanent observation of treatment on a regular basis. Huanya before the primary teeth to permanent teeth at the bottom or inside of eruption, the eruption of permanent teeth is the size of adult teeth, appear mild congestion, or to reverse the gap is normal, with the eruption of the adjacent teeth and jaw growth and development and Aligned itself, not as long as the anti-tooth (that is, to-day package), generally do not have treatment, but more remains to be observed on a regular basis, the maximum should not exceed six months. If the complete replacement of deciduous teeth in the order after missing should be timely treatment to avoid delays as a result of treatment, resulting in difficulty to correct. Fifth, education Huanya special attention to the issue of child dental care. Huanya period due to irregular teeth alignment, the eruption of permanent teeth, deciduous stranded, caused by the double teeth, at this time, such as eating more food with sugar and not pay attention to oral hygiene, clean teeth caused by poor food stranded and easy to lead to milk that occurred in permanent teeth Dental caries. As a result, this time attention should be careful to educate their children brush their teeth, eat more fiber-containing food, contribute to the age of self-cleaning teeth, jaw and maxillofacial region to promote the growth and development.

Kidney disease

2008-12-20T05:36:00.000-08:00

Kidney disease, many of the symptoms, but the early symptoms of a lack of specificity, for example, the beginning of these patients showed fatigue, often feel that the work is tiring, not as kidney disease, but there are several performance is more typical. Qiru of high blood pressure, but he did note that if his earlier urine routine inspection, there are a lot of problems can be found as soon as possible.

The symptoms of kidney disease: 1, fatigue, not full of energy, 2, inattention, 3, poor appetite, 4, sleep disturbance, night cramps, 5, edema, 6, made the skin dry, itchy, 7, urinary frequency, Especially at night, 8, urine in a bubble.

Have a kidney with a number of factors, progress with a number of factors related to kidney disease in diabetes, high blood pressure in patients with the more common, and frequently repeated of the medicine indiscriminate patients because many drugs have to go through the kidney excretion of these drugs more Have an impact on the kidneys.

The main symptoms of kidney disease can be manifested in different levels of fatigue weak, sickly Yao Xi, high blood pressure, proteinuria, eyelid edema, anemia, skin itching, nausea and vomiting, electrolyte imbalance, acidosis, serum creatinine and blood urea nitrogen increased, and so on. The latter part of uremia, organs may be involved, even pericardial effusion, and pleural effusion, leading to heart, lung and kidney failure three dirty. Moreover, the symptoms of kidney disease are more complex, vulnerable to the disease symptoms of kidney disease, mistreatment, so that a more protracted refractory disease.

The basic classification of Nephropathy and the diagnosis of acute and chronic kidney disease include glomerulonephritis, nephritis Occult, Pyelonephritis, anaphylactoid purpura kidney, kidney lupus, gout kidney, kidney disease, membranous nephropathy, diabetes Kidney disease, renal hypertension, congenital polycystic kidney disease, nephrotic syndrome, and so on, the latter can be developed into renal failure uremia.

If not treated in a timely manner or improper measures will enable the continuous development of the disease, uremia period can be a serious kidney disease symptoms, such as whole body edema, anemia, skin itching, nausea and vomiting, electrolyte imbalance, acidosis, serum creatinine and blood urea nitrogen or Higher.
Chronic nephritis was particularly prevalent in adults, can be caused by a number of reasons. It is a pathological change of chronic kidney inflammation, the progressive development of the disease. Will eventually be developed into renal failure. Nephritis is a chronic autoimmune disease, where a protracted illness Buyu, more than a year or more, can be referred to as chronic nephritis.

Gastric ulcer symptoms

2008-12-19T23:16:00.000-08:00

Gastric ulcer is a common digestive disease, its typical manifestations of hunger does not apply to, belch fullness, or pantothenic acid meal from time to time in the chronic abdominal pain, and there can be serious with hematemesis. Obviously because of Helicobacter pylori infection in patients taking non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug (NSAID), as well as excessive secretion of gastric acid; also by genetic factors and mood swings, excessive fatigue, eating disorders, smoking, alcohol, and other factors.

Ulcer disease Since the stretches, the complexity of the disease, and mental and emotional, not to aggravate their condition or treatment in a timely manner, can lead to bleeding, perforation, pyloric obstruction, such as cancer and adverse consequences of serious harm people's health, so it should be a high degree of attention.
Gastric ulcer is a common digestive disease, its typical manifestations of hunger does not apply to, belch fullness, or pantothenic acid meal from time to time in the chronic abdominal pain, and there can be serious with hematemesis.
Obviously because of Helicobacter pylori infection in patients taking non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug (NSAID), as well as excessive secretion of gastric acid; also by genetic factors and mood swings, excessive fatigue, eating disorders, smoking, alcohol, and other factors.

Ulcer disease Since the stretches, the complexity of the disease, and mental and emotional, not to aggravate their condition or treatment in a timely manner, can lead to bleeding, perforation, pyloric obstruction, such as cancer and adverse consequences of serious harm people's health, so it should be a high degree of attention.
Ulcer disease is a common chronic systemic disease, duodenal ulcer and gastric ulcer is divided into, also known as peptic ulcer. It is referred to as peptic ulcer, because in the past that was due to gastric ulcer and duodenal ulcer and gastric mucosa of pepsin digestion and the formation of their own, in fact, gastric acid and pepsin only one of the main reasons for the formation of ulcers There are other reasons for the formation of ulcer disease.
As the cause of duodenal ulcer and gastric ulcer and there are many similarities between the clinical symptoms, doctors sometimes difficult to distinguish between duodenal ulcer or gastric ulcer is often diagnosed as peptic ulcer or gastric, duodenal ulcer .

If you can clear ulcers in the stomach or duodenum, and that can be directly diagnosed with duodenal ulcer or gastric ulcer.
More and more data show that smoking can lead to gastric ulcer recurrence. The report shows that smokers have a gastric ulcer recurrence rate of 75%, gastric ulcer patients to quit smoking. Shang Wei alcohol directly, leading to acute gastritis and stomach ulcers, stomach bleeding induced, the alcohol is also a gastric ulcer patients should be taboo.

Silver resources

2008-12-18T22:31:00.000-08:00

Silver is second only to a gold metal. Guangrun silver white, people praise the "forever shining like the moon shining." Beautiful color and most aggressive scalability features into the production of a variety of silver jewelry and the main materials. Silver melting point of 960.5 ℃. The proportion of silver at 10.5, after gold and platinum, and higher than his base metals. Silver has good ductility and plasticity.
The sixteenth century or so, Mexico was the world's richest silver producing country. At present, a large number of silver mines in the United States, Canada and other countries in South America and mining, accounting for 70 percent of world production as much. Very old ancient times, silver was discovered, but because very few silver monomer output, and the special needs of the smelting technology, so much so that in ancient times, silver prices also valuable than gold. In Roman times, as the silverware for the Bao aristocracy.
Our people have long used silver chopsticks, is said to show not only to master the rich Wah, at the same time, the food can also test whether or not toxic. If the toxic, silver chopsticks will be black, silver chopsticks, therefore tend to be kings and nobles of the hi-used. The use of silver jewelry production, usually in order to reveal the silver white color, while the number of non-color gold-plated. There are also gold-plated silver jewelry, but as it would give people a false sense of jewelry. Moreover, the gold-plated silver jewelry with for a long time will fade and wear, look ugly. Therefore, the color silver jewelry is very popular. However, silver jewelry to wear for a long time, will have a foul. Therefore, silver jewelry belonging to the mid-range in the low-end jewelry. Bank of silver jewelry with high and low points of silver.
High silver is the largest component of silver, soft texture; low silver and copper element is more than the silver high-hardness. Production of the world's leading state-owned Bank of Peru, Mexico, China, Australia, Chile, Canada, Poland and the United States. Eight silver production this country from 2003 to 2005 tons in annual production of more than 2005 of the world's total output of about 80%. In 2005 and 2004, changes in the overall upward trend, Peru, Mexico, Australia, Chile, Kazakhstan, South Africa, Argentina, and other production, in varying degrees, Canada, Poland, the United States, Bolivia, Sweden, Uzbekistan, Japan's output has declined. While China, Indonesia, Russia, Morocco, North Korea, Brazil in 2005 and production was flat in 2004, in addition to Indonesia, other countries have maintained the same four years. Peru is the world's largest silver producer, in 2004 and 2005, respectively 3059.8t production and 3193.1 t, accounting for 16% of world production and 16.58 percent.
There are more than 40 producing silver mines, mostly silver - lead - zinc mine and gold - silver mines. There are more silver production and inventory Wu Qiu (Uchuchacua), Aerkanta (Arcata), Antamina (Antamina), Cerro de Pasco (Cerro de Pasco), Jiluweier (Quiruvilca), and other mines.

Peru increased production in 2004, mainly due to Minera Ares mine's annual production capacity of Arcata, the 2004 silver mine production increased 87 tons; Minera Volcan's CerrodePasco mine with an annual production capacity has also increased, the 2004 silver mine production increased 55 tons. In addition, BHP Billiton (BHP Billiton) Tintaya mine silver in the 2003 post-rehabilitation, production continued to grow.

concept of gold

2008-12-18T05:53:00.000-08:00

Kim, also known as gold, chemical element symbols for Au, with a shiny yellow metal. Gold has excellent physical properties, chemical properties and stability, a high level of scalability, and other scarce and the number of features, not only for the special reserve and investment currency, jewelry and at the same time, electronics, modern telecommunications, aviation and space industry Critical material. In the 1970s, before the world currency, is still present in the international reserves in place, at the same time a property with money, goods and financial attributes of the special attributes of goods.
The use of gold: the country's currency reserves, the personal assets of the investment and hedge against inflation tool to beautify the lives of special materials, industrial, medical care in the area of raw materials. Gold derivatives. With the gradual collection of mature, the gold market is expected to gradually introduce long-term gold, gold and even gold futures and options.

U.S. gold market has two main aspects, one dollar is the international gold market price of the currency and thus a negative correlation with the gold. Assuming no changes in the value of their gold, the dollar fell, gold price Showed up on. Another aspect of the gold dollar-denominated assets as an alternative investment vehicles. In fact, in 2005 a few years before, the gold price rising, is a major factor in the dollar's sharp decline for three consecutive years.

The development of human society from a global point of view, the 19th century is a very important century. In the 19th century for thousands of years before in the history of mankind produced a total of less than 10,000 tons of gold, such as the 18th century, only 100 of the 200 tons of gold production. To the 19th century, gold production has leapt to a new level, during the 100 years of gold production reached 11,500 tons, is 57.5 times that of the 18th century, 1850-1900 years on the production of 10,000 tons.

Of the 20th century, generally speaking, the world's gold production overall upward trend appeared several times increase in production. In 1900 the world's annual gold output of 300 tons, the highest in the early years of the 20th century to achieve a yearly output of 700 tons, the maximum age of 30 years to reach an annual output of 1300 tons, the highest output during the 60 years of production close to 1,500 tons, the World Gold Council 80's annual Breakthrough 2000 Tons in the 1990s so far is still the overall output growth. Since the 1990s, the world's gold production is relatively stable, since 21 of the world production of gold at an average of about 2600 tons.

At present, although some of the country's gold production has increased, such as Australia, Peru, Indonesia gold production increased, however, South Africa, the United States and other gold-producing countries of the gold production is declining. In addition, the gold mining industry due to the long investment cycle, the high cost of mining. From the historical data, the number of global mineral deposit can not be rapid growth. As a result, we believe that in the next few years the world's gold production will not change much, is still relatively stable.

Stock Exchange

2008-12-17T19:15:00.000-08:00

The stock market is already in circulation Issue of shares at current prices for the transfer, sale and circulation of the market, including Exchange and the OTC market, the market consists of two parts. Because it is built on the issue on the basis of the market, and therefore also known as the secondary market.
In contrast, the flow of stock market trading activities and the structure of the market than the more complex issue, the role and a greater impact. 1. Circulation flow of the stock market in the stock market included the circulation of all activities. The flow of stock market shares for the existence and development of the issuer to create a favorable financing environment, investors can own investment plans and changes in the market, the sale of shares at any time. Since the lifting of investor worries, they can safely participate in the stock market, the issue subscription exercises will help the company raise long-term funds, the smooth flow of stock for stock issuance has played a positive role in promoting.
For investors, through the flow of stock market activity, you can make long-term and short-term investments in the stock and cash between the conversion at any time, and enhance the liquidity of the stock and security. The flow of stock market prices reflect a barometer of economic trends, it reflects the sensitive financial situation of supply and demand, market supply and demand, industry and the prospects for political change is the economic forecast and analysis of the important indicators for business, The transfer of ownership of capital gains and stock fluctuation is the indicator of its operations, but also for enterprises to provide a large amount of information in a timely manner, contribute to the running of their businesses and improve management decision-making. Shows that the flow of the stock market plays an important role.
2. The way the transfer of shares on stock trading methods and forms known as trading in the shares in circulation it is the basic link.

Gold porcelain teeth

2008-12-17T06:04:00.000-08:00

Porcelain is the gold teeth from gold-bearing 88.7 percent of the production of metallic gold crown of porcelain teeth, is one of the most popular porcelain teeth. Gold porcelain teeth of the biggest advantages is the unique color of gold, porcelain color to be successful, not from high-strength porcelain. According to King stomatology hospital doctors, gold teeth with porcelain excellent performance of precious metals, chemical stability, performance, and less susceptible to oxidation decomposition, so do not stimulate the gums, teeth will not cause discoloration.
As the intensity is higher than normal ceramic materials, the porcelain powder and the combination is also stronger after the repair of dental porcelain is not easy from a more physiological functions. In addition, gold has a buffer force of the special physical properties, so chewing hard, not easy to appear FUNG tooth pain.
Gold teeth adapt to the wide range of porcelain, is particularly well suited to the age of 18 or more teeth askew, missing dentition, missing teeth, dental too broad, Sihuansuya, dental fluorosis, such as the mouth of the patients.

Gold porcelain tooth is the latest foreign ceramic deposition technology, from its all-sensitive computer systems design, plating equipment, the use of electrolytic ion current gold-plated layer of gold deposited directly up to 99.9 percent of the gold crown of the basement. The gold dental porcelain It is understood that because of pure gold can better protect the abutment, the gold deposited with excellent biocompatibility, to avoid allergic reactions, while pure gold in the long term to prevent the discoloration of the gums around. In addition, the deposition also on the brink of a very good adaptation, clinically available to repair long-lasting effect. In regard to aesthetics, the deposition also has a unique charm, warm golden hue of pure gold so that the deposition of gold crown with a natural, realistic, true and beautiful effect, meet the aesthetic requirements.
PFM general dental components metal for nickel chromium alloy, which has the advantage of economical and practical, is currently the most widely used porcelain teeth. Metal corrosion resistance lies in the shortcomings of the poor in the saliva of oral food and the formation of complex environment, electrolyte and acid-base environment is not stable enough. For a long time (generally a few years) most of the gingival margin of the emergence of black (due to the infiltration of metal ions), swelling, bleeding, shrinkage, appearance and impact on dental health.

Therefore, ordinary porcelain tooth abroad less and less choice of doctors and guests. Under the current conditions in the domestic proposals and young anterior PFM choose not to. After careful teeth. If economic conditions, to choose this type of porcelain teeth, also will have to get a formal dental and experienced doctors to produce and require doctors to be the best use of the edge of porcelain closed technology, or gold-plated treatment, to reduce the common alloy Contact with saliva.

General availability of beryllium metal porcelain dental alloys, titanium alloys, and other options, they must improve the physical and chemical properties, but can not repair the effects of precious metals. Precious porcelain crown at the end of precious metals used to produce porcelain teeth, in which the best and most representative of the gold porcelain (also known as Gold, Platinum and porcelain, gold-bearing 86%), and its corrosion resistance, ductility and so on Excellent physical and chemical properties, with a strong combination of ceramic powder, easily oxidized in the saliva or precipitation, excellent biocompatibility, neck and teeth will not change color. At present, most countries in Europe and the United States choose golden porcelain, it is the shortcomings of your price, usually several times more than the ordinary porcelain teeth. According to the metal alloy components, there are precious metal platinum porcelain (including 15% platinum), palladium (including 62% of palladium, gold 4%), and other options, which is characterized by less than gold porcelain, and A higher price. To sum up, to get a high-quality porcelain teeth, the doctor must request the technical standards, material advantages and disadvantages, the process has three good choice. Standardize the production process must be rigorous, gingival lines of silicone rubber impression materials essential.

Early symptoms of kidney disease

2008-12-15T07:40:00.000-08:00

Chronic kidney disease has become the public impact of a large class of common diseases. However, due to a number of chronic kidney disease at an early stage no apparent symptoms or mild symptoms, most people in the medical health, suffering from flu and other diseases found only in-patient, resulting in missed in patients with the best treatment, the need for long-term kidney dialysis, and other alternative Treatment, treatment is costly. To this end, the early symptoms of kidney disease, to become aware of the problem.
To help people easy to handle, easy to determine, experts advise, can be found as early as three aspects of chronic kidney disease. First of all, urine check. Urine checks could understand the existence of patients with hematuria, proteinuria, urinary tube, and low permeability, such as urine, urinary albumin check more help to find early kidney damage. With diabetes, high blood pressure, family history of kidney disease, rheumatism or long-term use of drugs in the history of high-risk people with chronic kidney disease related to a routine inspection.
Health recommends that people of urine check once a year, high-risk groups will have to increase monitoring of urinary frequency, 3-5 on a urine test.
In addition, when a cold in addition to routine inspections should be done outside the urine test. Because the cold is the number of kidney-induced factors, such as acute glomerulonephritis easy on a cold in the 2 weeks after the onset; IgA nephropathy, and so will increase the cold after being found; susceptible to acute and chronic tonsillitis to the people Pay special attention to check urine to prevent streptococcal infection involving the kidney.
Secondly, if there are eyelid, lower limb edema, youth high blood pressure, urine bubble, the mere mention of urine deep, back pain, frequent night, anemia, and so in a timely manner for medical treatment, more than chronic kidney disease is often one of the symptoms.
Third, married women recurrent urinary frequency, urgency, Niaotong, have white blood in urine, bacteria, although the symptoms of urinary tract infection, but if it will cause a long delay Buyu renal damage and even renal failure . Therefore, early detection and early treatment should. The three can be found in chronic kidney disease early, as soon as possible for intervention and treatment of kidney disease, the protection of kidney function, delaying the development of kidney disease. Symptoms of a kidney: urine in the foam, do not disappear for a long time. This shows that the excretion of protein in the urine more. Second, symptoms of kidney disease: urine discoloration. Positive urine color of strong tea, wash the meat in water, soy sauce color or turbidity, such as Taomi Shui, the immediate treatment. Three symptoms of kidney disease: too much or too little urine.
Normal volume for an average of 1500 ml per day, 4-8 times per day. If there is no fever, sweating a lot, and so on a large number of drinking water, urine volume suddenly increased or decreased, it is necessary to the hospital for a check to see if it is not a kidney disease.
Four symptoms of kidney disease: nocturnal. In the normal 60-year-old or less, in general there should not be nocturnal, nocturnal young people, is likely to be kidney dysfunction in the early performance.
Five symptoms of kidney disease: edema. The morning after the eyelids or facial edema, and more faded in the afternoon, tired after the increase, reduce the rest. There will be serious edema in the two-medial ankle, and both lower extremities, such as lumbosacral. Six symptoms of kidney disease: low back pain. No clear reasons for the low back pain should check the kidney, spine waist, and so on back muscles.

Stomach treatment

2008-12-15T00:41:00.000-08:00

Won stomach on the diet should pay attention to the following 11 principles:
1. Eat less fried food: as such can not be digestible food, would increase the burden on the digestive tract, cause indigestion eat, but also so that the increased blood lipids, and adverse health.
2. Eat pickled food: these foods contain more salt and some may be carcinogenic, and should not eat.
3. Irritant food to eat less food cold: cold and strong irritation of the gastrointestinal mucosa of the food has a strong stimulus to cause diarrhea or inflammation of the digestive tract.
4. The law of diet: studies show that eating regularly, from time to time quantitative, to form a conditioned reflex, helps the digestive gland secretion, but also conducive to digestion.
5. Quantitative timing: To achieve an appropriate amount of food each meal, 3 meals a day from time to time, by the time, regardless of hungry hungry, should take the initiative to eat and avoid over-fed or hungry too.
6. Temperature: the temperature of food should be "not cool hot" for the degree.
7. Slowly: in order to reduce the burden on the stomach. For chewing food sufficient number of times more, then the secretion of saliva is also more protective effect on the gastric mucosa.
8. Optional drinking water: the best time to water is early morning when fasting and 1 hour before each meal, drinking water immediately after meal will be diluted juice, soup Paofan will also affect the digestion of food.
9. Attention to the cold: the stomach after the cold would damage the stomach, the stomach should pay attention not to catch cold warm.
10. Stimulus to avoid: do not smoke, because smoking make angiotensin stomach, the impact of parietal cells in the blood supply, so as an inducement to reduce the resistance of gastric stomach. Should drink less, eat chili, pepper, and other spicy food.
11. Vitamin C: Vitamin C have a protective effect on stomach, the gastric juice to maintain normal levels of vitamin C, can effectively play the functions of the stomach, the stomach and enhance the protection of the gastric disease. Therefore, in order to eat vitamin C-rich fruits and vegetables.

A, canker eating principles: 1. Shaoliangduocan, 5-6 meals per day, from time to time attention to the quantitative and avoid excessive over-fed hunger. Selection of digestible, high nutritional value and protect the stomach of food. 2. Cooking method: to use the steam, boil, boil, boil for a short time, cooked in soy and vinegar, and other cooking methods, Ji Yong deep-fried food. 3. Jiyong crude fiber, but not hard to digest food. Used to avoid sweet, too acid, too cold, too hot and spicy and food.
B, superficial gastritis diet principles: 1. Shaoliangduocan, 5-6 meals per day. Increase the sugar-free milk, soda crackers, bread, and so on base. 2. Cooking method: to use the steam, boil, boil, boil for a short time, cooked in soy and vinegar, and other cooking methods. Ji Yong fry, deep-fried, cooked, slip, burning, raw food. Advised to eat cream, butter and (inhibit gastric acid secretion). 3. Jishi crude fiber and more vegetables, coffee, strong tea, alcohol, spicy, sour, sweet mustard and have food.
C, atrophic gastritis diet principles: 1. Shaoliangduocan, 6 meals a day, the choice of digestible food. May increase the amount of vinegar and seasonings to help digestion. 2. With the consumption of high-quality protein and iron-rich food. Eating fresh green leafy vegetables such as tomatoes, rape, spinach, carrots and so on. Eating and gravy thick broth contribute to the secretion of gastric juice. 3. Alkali limit the number of noodles, steamed bread, butter, butter, and so on can be in the food and gastric acid secretion.
D, after gastrectomy diet principles: 1. Selection of a slower emptying of the viscous, digestible food. Shaoliangduocan According to gradually increase the absorption of dietary quality and quantity. 2. Advised to supply high-protein, high fat, high-energy, low-carbohydrate, low residue, digestible food. Added attention to a variety of vitamins and iron, potassium, sodium, chlorine and so on. Use of single-and dual-sugar sugar, induced to prevent dumping syndrome.